Organisation behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Association conduct - Essay Example They, thusly, ought to proceed as well as could be expected all together for the organization to prevail in the market. Along these lines, a thought that worker execution is better if those representatives are sincerely keen is turning out to be increasingly more well known among organizations that will to be progressively versatile to the consistently changing economic situations and progressively serious commercial center (Cherniss and Goleman 2001, 159). Since passionate insight has become such a well known idea among HR experts, it merits seeing if this term is truly identified with worker execution. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to basically break down probably the latest chips away at the connection between enthusiastic insight and representative execution to decide if there exists a solid reliance. The given work will attempt to decide if it is extremely significant for present day organizations to put their assets in enthusiastic insight and whether such ventur es will bring any benefit. For this reason, obviously, the term itself ought to be characterized in any case. Definition A logical investigation of enthusiastic knowledge started, as per Ciarrochi, Forgas and Mayer (2001, 4), in 1900s. Be that as it may, up until 1970, when knowledge and feeling were coordinated in the field of ‘cognition and affect†, the investigations of insight and feelings were discrete. At last, just in 1990s passionate insight turned into a subject of progressively significant examination. The idea got advocated somewhere in the range of 1994 and 1997 (Ciarrochi, Forgas and Mayer 2001, 4). Notwithstanding, a few meanings of passionate knowledge have risen during the time spent the examinations. Goleman (1998, 317), for example, characterizes passionate insight as a â€Å"capacity for perceiving our own sentiments and those in others, for persuading ourselves, for overseeing feelings well in ourselves and in our connections. As such, enthusiastic k nowledge, as per this creator, includes an individual to have the accompanying capabilities: mindfulness, self-guideline, self-inspiration, social mindfulness, and social aptitudes. Mindfulness, self-guideline, self-inspiration are, for this situation, person’s capacity to comprehend and deal with own sentiments and feelings. Social mindfulness and social aptitudes, subsequently, allude to the individual’s capacity to comprehend feelings of the other and react effectively. Another definition is given by Mayer and Solloway (1997, 3), who express that passionate insight is a capacity â€Å" to see feelings in oneself and in others, use feelings to encourage execution, get feelings and enthusiastic information, and control feelings in oneself and in others.† So, it tends to be said that enthusiastic knowledge alludes to a person’s capacity to comprehend the sentiments of oneself and the others, just as respond and react to those feelings in the most legitima te for a specific circumstance way. The following issue to discover is whether this capacity truly significantly affects work execution. Writing Review The feeling that passionate knowledge is identified with work execution is bolstered by Nikolaou and Tsaousis (2002). These researchers led an exploration to decide the connection between enthusiastic insight, word related pressure and hierarchical duty. The outcomes indicated that the higher passionate insight of an individual is, the lower is one’

US Foreign Policy in the Balkans

Presentation United States involves a distinctive situation in worldwide issues. Never in history has a solitary nation vanquished the worldwide field to the degree that the U.S. does today, graciousness of its international strategies, which keep on drawing blended responses, extending from profound respect to envy and contempt (Cameron, 2005 p. xvi). However, admirers and pundits of U.S. international strategies are regularly in understanding that regardless of what the pointer †military may, financial essentialness, fair standards, political influence, and social model †the nation is in reality in a group of its own.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on US Foreign Policy in the Balkans explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The U.S. is the main superpower on the planet and the main nation ready to extend force and impact in all aspects of the world (Glenny, 2000), a reality strengthened by Cameron (2005), who takes note of that the U.S. has been associated with settling clashes on each mainland since the mid 1990s either through military commitment or quiet exchanges. This shows in opposition to attestations made by pundits such that the U.S. doesn't have sound international strategies (Kavalski, 2005), it is without a doubt in the bleeding edge with regards to speeding up its qualities and interests in remote countries. This paper will basically assess the U.S. international strategy in the Balkans, both during the virus war time and furthermore in post-cold war period. As per Cameron (2005), â€Å"†¦foreign arrangement alludes to a reliable course of activities followed by one country to manage another country or area, or global issue† (p. xvii). With regards to this paper. Therefore, the U.S. international strategy would allude to the qualities and interests anticipated by the U.S. in the Balkans, an area to a great extent made up of various nations, including Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovin a, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia (US Department of State, 2011). Aside from Kosovo, which was considered as a region in Serbia, different nations were considered as republics under the Yugoslavia alliance during the virus war period, not referencing the way that they intensely inclined towards socialist standards and belief systems executed by the previous USSR following the Second World War (Eskridge-Kosmach, 2009). These political and ideological leanings towards socialism enormously influenced United States relations with Eastern Europe, and it was not until the breakdown and deterioration of the USSR and socialist philosophies in 1991 that genuine advancement in the U.S. international strategy in the Balkans started to come to fruition (Trachtenberg, 2008). US Foreign Policy in the Balkans during Cold War Era Immediately after the Second World War, the U.S. what's more, her partners got insightful of the way that they had lost huge control of Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union. In that capacity, the U.S recognized enemy of socialism to be its managing standard to international strategy in the locale during the virus war era.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on global relations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The U.S. embraced a non-military international strategy to balance out Western Europe and keep socialist belief systems from infringing Western Europe region, while concocting unbending approaches that could diminish the Soviet Union’s impact in Eastern Europe and simultaneously not be viewed as an immediate incitement to the Soviet Union (Trachtenberg, 2008). A few researchers have contended that the U.S. endeavored to seek after an international strategy that would make nations under Soviet’s impact in the Balkans to turn out to be monetarily subject to the West and, if conceivable, pressure them into joining Western unions, including NATO (Cameron, 2007 p. 9). This strategy was intended to diminish the Soviet’s control, accomplish conceivably extensive geopolitical focal points, carry popular government to the Soviet alliance, recoup lost exchange and markets in the Balkans, and guarantee a progressively steady and prosperous Europe (Trachtenberg, 2008). In 1948, the U.S. saw a chance to extend its international strategy in the Balkans when Josip Tito’s government in Yugoslavia split with the Soviet Union for seeking after household and remote undertakings arrangements that, as per Stalin, on a very basic level veered off from the Marxist-Leninist line of thought. Yugoslav writing uncovers that the separation with Moscow was hastened by Tito’s thought of seeking after a different course towards communism that couldn't be accommodated with the authoritative model of the progressive association saw in the communist alliance (Perovic, 2007). The separation in any case, numerous researchers have underlined th e â€Å"importance of Yugoslavia to the United States in its ‘wedge strategy’ coordinated towards the Soviet Bloc countries† (Eskridge-Kosmach, 2009 p. 383). Of significance is the way that the Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower organizations saw rising open doors for the U.S. to create relations with Yugoslavia, a previous solid partner of the Soviet Union. As per O’Brien (2006), this international strategy was intended to lighten the Soviet military force notwithstanding ruining the Soviet strategies in the Balkans. This offers confidence to the possibility that a significant sign of the U.S. international strategy in the Balkans during the virus war was to dishonor socialism and forestall its spread. The above approaches neglected to accomplish a lot, inciting the U.S. to start another international strategy in the Balkans during the 1960s under the â€Å"New Deal.† According to Eskridge-Kosmach (2009), the new international strategy conc entrated on starting â€Å"economic changes focused on the improvement of the arrangement of ‘workers self-administration,’ incitement of the private activity in agribusiness, and de-centralization of the monetary management† (p. 385). Likewise, the U.S. additionally urged socialist nations to resist Soviet dominion, trusting that the financial changes would trigger a ‘evolution’ from the socialist model to national autonomy and free law based social orders (Trachtenberg, 2008).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on US Foreign Policy in the Balkans explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Humanitarian relations and bi-horizontal exchange concurrences with particular terms were incorporated in the U.S’ â€Å"building bridges† idea that it entered with nations in the Balkans who showed a craving for political progression and the foundation of a delegate government (Eskridge-Kosmach, 2009). It merits refe rencing that the U.S., in its endeavors to advance these approaches in the Balkans, would not like to break with the Soviet Union or make a situation that would have prompted a military showdown with the Soviet, therefore utilized strategy and remote guide to contact nations in the Balkans. Be that as it may, a significant part of the guide to the Balkans stayed helpful help, not advancement help (O’Brien, 2006). US Foreign Policy in the Balkans in Post-Cold War Era Opinion stays isolated about the U.S. post cold war international strategy in the Balkans, with certain pundits contending that the U.S. has been sharp not to be brought into geopolitical and ethnic-related clashes that shook the area after the breaking down of the Soviet Union (Brown, 2005), while others recommend that the Balkans has without a doubt become a symbolic component of post-cold war geology of United States’ worldwide relations (Joseph, 2005). As indicated by Daalder (2002), â€Å"the U.S. ban ter over commitment in the Balkans has been directed principally as far as the weights the United States and Europe should convey in endeavoring to improve conditions in the region† (p. 3). While the EU acknowledges that it should bear the principle trouble in the remaking of the Balkans, it additionally anticipates others, including the U.S., to contribute. Plainly the U.S. international strategy of military mediation through NATO-endorsed air strikes against Serb targets assisted with closure the wars saw in the Balkans in the 1990’s, however numerous examiners despite everything keep up that the U.S. was late in its commitment, prompting the slaughter of thousands of individuals (Brown, 2009). Notwithstanding, it ought to be recollected that in the mid-1990s, the U.S. discretionary endeavors had an instrumental influence in the foundation of the Dayton Peace Agreements, which prompted the ending of threats among warring gatherings in the Balkans by creating the decen tralized political arrangement of Bosnia. Be that as it may, the Dayton political trade off is to a great extent saw across different quarters as an unworkable one, and which ruins the effective coordination of Bosnia into Euro-Atlantic organizations (Woehrel, 2009). One significant post-cold war target of the U.S. international strategy in the Balkans is to balance out the locale in a manner that is self-supporting, fair and doesn't require the regular intercession of NATO-drove powers and universal ambassadors (Woehrel, 2009), In equivalent measure, the United States has significantly aided the progress of the Balkan nations that were some time ago under the Soviet coalition by empowering political and monetary change, and by situating them to join the EU and other Euro-Atlantic organizations (Veremis, 2001; Wisner, 2008).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on global relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Numerous nations in the Balkan are presently holding free and reasonable races, have energetic common society bunches that are allowed to communicate a wide assortment of perspectives, and the autonomy of the media is nearly ensured (Woehrel, 2009). This again shows the U.S. international strategy in the Balkans has plainly underlined the ne

Buy a Literary Analysis Paper Online

Buy a Literary Analysis Paper Online Buy a Literary Analysis Essay Home›Buy a Literary Analysis EssayWrite my Literary Essay for MeIf you have ever been assigned a literary essay, you know that it can be a major challenge. Literary analysis essays go beyond merely reading a story and summarizing it. You need to be able to provide a thorough examination of the plot, how the characters, events and setting help drive the plot, and whether the author was successful in achieving their objectives.Save extra 10% on each and every order by receiving 300 words/page instead of 275 words/page offered by most of the essay writing websites.In most cases, your literary critical analysis involves breaking down the story into components in order to better understand the work. For instance, a literary analysis paper on a piece of poetry might include discussing the imagery based on the author’s word choices. Furthermore, you might be asked to explain how a particular story fits its broader genre whether it is horror or Southern Got hic, or connect a story’s plot with its subplots.

Discussion and Notes DVM Essay - 785 Words

DVM1100 sections A B Canada and Challenges of International Development and Globalization Fall 2014, Professor Mahmoud Masaeli The first DGD International Development: ideas, conceptions, definitions, and theories General Issues covered in our classes: 1. Canada as an example of globalization and development a. Have we resolved all problems? Argue No because we still have poverty, inequality, racism, unemployment etc. b. If we have been able to develop ourselves, whether the others can do as well. Rostow says yes if you follow his ideas of the traditional society, the preconditions for take-off, the take-off, the drive to maturity and the age of mass-consumption - Political, social and economic development all play a†¦show more content†¦Development: from national to international a. Causes and reasons for the shift from national to international. Humanitarian considerations, ethics of help, Cold War - fear of communism b. Truman proposal: what is it all about? Helping others solely economically c. Theory of economic growth: who present it? What are the main assumptions, strength, and weaknesses? Walt Rostow - main cause is that developing countries have a traditional society Strengths: Importance of endogenous factors Importance of entrepreneurial spirit Accumulation of capital Science and technology Weaknesses: Disregards the political and cultural differences Negligence of endogenous factors Disregards the structure of international system One size for all Modern/tradition dichotomy End goal is high consumerism d. Dependency theory, its versions and the main assumptions We screwed everyone over through colonies and harvesting resources and selling them as our own and the only reason that we are so developed is because we through other countries under the bus e. Neo-liberalism’s main assumptions, Washington Consensus Set of concrete economic policies for the reform in the economy included: Reducing the role of the state Competition in the market is beneficial Deregulation of markets Consequential welfareism andShow MoreRelated3m - Innovation at 3m Corporation10174 Words   |  41 Pagesincrementalist approach that for so long had pervaded 3M. After all, as Mary Sonnack, division scientist and an internal 3M consultant on the new Lead User methodology, noted â€Å"3M gets so much revenue from incremental products . . . like a blue Post-it note instead of just a yellow one.† Outside the window, the late autumn breeze rippled through the tall Minnesota grass—a seasonal reminder that it had been a year since the group first embarked on the Lead User process (see Exhibit 1). The method, includingRead MoreMcdonald Supply Chain10921 Words   |  44 Pages________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Ray A. Goldberg and Jessica Droste Yagan (KSG 2007) prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2007 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials

Emily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``

Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson’s poems are shorter than most, but that does not mean that they lack depth or skill. Dickinson uses many brilliant literary techniques in her poetry such as allusions, personification, juxtaposition, metaphors and so many others. Her unique use of symbolism throughout her poems really makes the reader think twice on what they are reading. And since the majority of her poems are short, it makes it easier to reread the poem numerous times. In Emily Dickinson’s Poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death†, Dickinson uses a personified version of death to lead the speaker of the poem through a journey to the end of her life, that involves the contrasting concepts of time and eternity. The personification of death makes the poem more relatable to the reader. By referring to death as â€Å"He†, it makes the reader view death as not frightening or intimidating. Rather, the author personifies death as gentle and courteous, alm ost like a gentleman. We see this especially when the speaker is talking about death and says, â€Å"He kindly stopped for me† (Ln. 2). By describing death as â€Å"kind†, this sets the tone for the entire poem that death is not to be feared but rather accepted. By not stopping for death, it shows the strength of the speaker and determination to keep going on. It also shows that she understands that death is coming but instead of fighting death, she seems to accept death and gladly follow â€Å"him’ to her final destination. Dickinson usesShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe idea of death, many thoughts can come to mind. These thoughts can include peaceful, scary, inevitable, cold, and many other things. Being one of the only female poets of her time, Emily Dickinson is a profound writer and her poems are intricate works of art. In her poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† Dickinso n uses strong diction and imagery to describe the intimacy an individual has with death when it is encountered. Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† is a poemRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesModernism for Emily Dickinson has to do with the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson was a somber thinker who doesn’t try to enlighten anyone of anything. Her poems were uniquely written and she wrote about the uncertainty, which makes her poetry easy to empathize with in the 21st century. The 21st century, is a period of science which is used as a tool to make sense of the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson uses her poetry as a means to question and observe the trauma of human existence. For instance, she doesn’tRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``762 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson concentrates many of her poems on the theme of death, predominantly her own. These â€Å"poems about death confront its grim reality with honesty, humor, curiosity, and above a ll a refusal to be comforted (â€Å"Emily Dickinson 1830-1886† 1659). While this was not an out of the ordinary topic during the American Romantic era, Dickinson seemed near obsessive in her focus. Additionally, Dickinson seems questionable in her thoughts on religion, another theme popular during the American RomanticRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death1751 Words   |  8 Pages Outlook on Death in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† Death is considered by many to be the heartbreaking end of life; the moment when one is bound to hopelessness, to accept loss, and to accept the inevitable. As discouraging as this outlook on death may appear, it is captivating why Emily Dickinson preferred to make death one among the major themes of her poems. Because numerous poets of the 19th century wrote about death, Dickinson was not exceptional in picking this idea. HoweverRead MoreEmily Dickinson s A Route Of Evanescence And Because I Could Not Stop For Death1167 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson published only a few poems during her time. Her work was only truly discovered after her death of kidney disease in 1886 at the age of fifty-six. Upon her death her sister Lavinia Dickinson found hundreds of poems tied into a book stitched together by Emily. People claim that she is the most original 19th Century American Poet and is now considered one of the towering figures of American literature. Although She is known for her unconventional broken rhyming meterRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poem, Because I Could Not Stop For Death854 Words   |  4 Pages Death is everywhere. From the insect you killed this morning to the family member you lose recently, there is no force stronger than death. Emily Dickinson, a 19th century writer, indulges that fact but also goes beyond it in her work. Dickinson revisits the theme of death in her poetry. Through her work, she shows readers her fascination with death the emotions associated with it. In â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz when I died† and â€Å"I’ve seen a Dying Eye†, Dickinson shows us a very intimate view of a personRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poem, Because I Could Not Stop For Death877 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is known for writing poems that relate to death and dying, and the poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† is no exception. This is a narrative poem that illustrates the passage from life to death as a carriage ride through a quiet town. In this particular poem, the speaker has already passed away and is remembering what seems to be a fond memory, however that is not revealed till the final stanza. There are only two characters, The speaker and Death. The speaker is a lady whoRead MoreFigurative Language And Imagery Of Emily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``2152 Words   |  9 Pages Emily Dickinson is considered to be one of the greatest poets of figurative language and imagery. I found her poem â€Å"Because I could N ot Stop for Death† to be an exemplary illustration of those forms of writing. Enlaced with the personifications of Death, Immortality, and Eternity; Dickinson reaches into the depths of the reader’s psyche and transports them on a journey into her world of life after death. In this essay, I will attempt to show that due to certain event that occurred towards theRead MoreThe Author That I Decided To Discuss The Literary Significance1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe author that I decided to discuss the literary significance is Emily Dickinson. Dickinson was born, raised, and in Amherst, Massachusetts in December 10, 180 and died May 15, 1886 in the same state. Her father was Edward Dickinson, and her mother was also named Emily, Emily Norcross Dickinson. Emily Dickinson went to Mount Holyoke College, a small private school in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She’s known as one of the best American Poet. Emily s poem were frequently perceived by a wide rangeRead MoreEmily Dickinson : The Point When A Reader1749 Words   |  7 PagesHorieh Introduction to Literature Professor Knoernschild November 27, 2015 Emily Dickinson At the point when a reader hears the name Emily Dickinson, they consider a female who composed verse that has been surely understood for a considerable length of time and years. Much to their dismay that Emily Dickinson established American Literature, and began an entire unrest of verse. The procedure Dickinson used to keep in touch with her verse was at no other time seen and was the foundation Emily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Emily Dickinson concentrates many of her poems on the theme of death, predominantly her own. These â€Å"poems about death confront its grim reality with honesty, humor, curiosity, and above all a refusal to be comforted (â€Å"Emily Dickinson 1830-1886† 1659). While this was not an out of the ordinary topic during the American Romantic era, Dickinson seemed near obsessive in her focus. Additionally, Dickinson seems questionable in her thoughts on religion, another theme popular during the American Romantic era. Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† and â€Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain† both explicitly examine the concept of death, the afterlife, and the author’s obsession with the melancholy. Throughout â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† readers encounter Dickinson’s uncertainty regarding death. From the first line, she is timid about â€Å"Death† and cannot allow herself to stop for him. Therefore, â€Å"He kindly stopped for [her]† (Dickinson 2). Not only to readers see this doubt, but also here readers become aware that Death is personified. Dickinson represents death as a person so that readers will understand the gravity of the subject. In the following lines, Dickinson writes, â€Å"The Carriage held but just Ourselves –/And Immortality† (Dickinson 3-4). Here the carriage is the chauffer to the grave, and is given important notice. Although immortality is mentioned, it seems to be more of a suggestion of Heaven or Hell to insinuate the author’s faith. In the next line,Show MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe idea of death, many thoughts can come to mind. These thoughts can include peaceful, scary, inevitable, cold, and many other things. Being one of the only female poets of her time, Emily Dickinson is a profound writer and her poems are intricate works of art. In her poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† Dickinson uses strong diction and imagery to describe the intimacy an individual has with death when it is encountered. Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† is a poemRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesModernism for Emily Dickinson has to do with the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson was a somber thinker who doesn’t try to enlighten anyone of anything. Her poems were uniquely written and she wrote about the uncertainty, which makes her poetry easy to empathize with in the 21st century. The 21st century, is a period of science which is used as a tool to make sense of the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson uses her poetry as a means to question and observe the trauma of human existence. For instance, she doesn’tRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``1088 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson’s poems are shorter than most, but that does not mean that they lack depth or skill. Dickinson uses many brilliant literary techniques in her poetry such as allusions, personification, juxtaposition, metaphors and so many others. Her unique use of symbolism throughout her poems really makes the reader think twice on what they are reading. And since the majority of her poems are short, it makes it easier to reread the poem numerous times. In Emily Dickinson’s PoemRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Because I Could Not Stop For Death1751 Words   |  8 Pages Outlook on Death in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† Death is considered by many to be the heartbreaking end of life; the moment when one is bound to hopelessness, to accept loss, and to accept the inevitable. As discouraging as this outlook on death may appear, it is captivating why Emily Dickinson preferred to make death one among the major themes of her poems. Because numerous poets of the 19th century wrote about death, Dickinson was not exceptional in picking this idea. HoweverRead MoreEmily Dickinson s A Route Of Evanescence And Because I Could Not Stop For Death1167 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson published only a few poems during her time. Her work was only truly discovered after her death of kidney disease in 1886 at the age of fifty-six. Upon her death her sister Lavinia Dickinson found hundreds of poems tied into a book stitched together by Emily. People claim that she is the most original 19th Century American Poet and is now considered one of the towering figures of American literature. Although She is known for her unconventional broken rhyming meterRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poem, Because I Could Not Stop For Death854 Words   |  4 Pages Death is everywhere. From the insect you killed this morning to the family member you lose recently, there is no force stronger than death. Emily Dickinson, a 19th century writer, indulges that fact but also goes beyond it in her work. Dickinson revisits the theme of death in her poetry. Through her work, she shows readers her fascination with death the emotions associated with it. In â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz when I died† and â€Å"I’ve seen a Dying Eye†, Dickinson shows us a very intimate view of a personRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poem, Because I Could Not Stop For Death877 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is known for writing poems that relate to death and dying, and the poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for death† is no exception. This is a narrative poem that illustrates the passage from life to death as a carriage ride through a quiet town. In this particular poem, the speaker has already passed away and is remembering what seems to be a fond memory, however that is not revealed till the final stanza. There are only two characters, The speaker and Death. The speaker is a lady whoRead MoreFigurative Language And Imagery Of Emily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``2152 Words   |  9 Pages Emily Dickinson is considered to be one of the greatest poets of figurative language and imagery. I found her poem â€Å"Because I could N ot Stop for Death† to be an exemplary illustration of those forms of writing. Enlaced with the personifications of Death, Immortality, and Eternity; Dickinson reaches into the depths of the reader’s psyche and transports them on a journey into her world of life after death. In this essay, I will attempt to show that due to certain event that occurred towards theRead MoreThe Author That I Decided To Discuss The Literary Significance1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe author that I decided to discuss the literary significance is Emily Dickinson. Dickinson was born, raised, and in Amherst, Massachusetts in December 10, 180 and died May 15, 1886 in the same state. Her father was Edward Dickinson, and her mother was also named Emily, Emily Norcross Dickinson. Emily Dickinson went to Mount Holyoke College, a small private school in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She’s known as one of the best American Poet. Emily s poem were frequently perceived by a wide rangeRead MoreEmily Dickinson : The Point When A Reader1749 Words   |  7 PagesHorieh Introduction to Literature Professor Knoernschild November 27, 2015 Emily Dickinson At the point when a reader hears the name Emily Dickinson, they consider a female who composed verse that has been surely understood for a considerable length of time and years. Much to their dismay that Emily Dickinson established American Literature, and began an entire unrest of verse. The procedure Dickinson used to keep in touch with her verse was at no other time seen and was the foundation

Drama A road to heaven Free Essays

As I entered the auditorium to join the rest of the audience, I noticed the set stage, afraid that the play has began, I soon realised that it was set up like that for a purpose. This gave a very new impact to me and made you wonder what the production was going to be about. It also thought me that the beginning of the play does not have to begin with closed curtains or a frozen image. We will write a custom essay sample on Drama: A road to heaven or any similar topic only for you Order Now It gave it a very good way of introducing the play. Although the nurses sitting on the stage gave me a good perception of where the play was going to take place. The play was a musical, and it was portrayed in different styles of music and introduced in a variety of ways such as costumes, which showed creativeness and imagination for the scenes. The costumes allowed humour to be created and helped the song and the message that they were trying to get across. The music surprisingly were songs that can be recognised by any generation as they used the unforgettable and loved tunes of any age and they were altered to combine with the musical and characters of the play. The lighting helped the atmosphere and surrounding of the scene it helped us to focus on particular characters and the musicians were always seen as they had particular lighting in order for them to see the instructions. Musicians were not hidden and were visual to the audience at all times. This however did not affect the play. It was very helpful for us drama students, as we have never been introduced in a play where they were exposed musicians and it gave me an interesting perception and I was amazingly surprised by the fact that such a small orchestra composed and produced such wonderful and powerful music. I noticed throughout the scene how there was a young male nurse who helped with the characters’ costumes and props. I believe that the purpose of him being in the scene dressed up as a nurse is to show us the constant of him helping the cast in the play itself and playing the role of a nurse n the story. The music conductor of the small orchestra spoke to the audience on behalf of the cast, he also helped the cast with their timing of the singing and the time they were going to actually sing this exposed his role with the orchestra and the play. The play was very enjoyable to watch and thought me many techniques and gave me a wide range of ideas. The characters were extremely entertaining to watch and I liked the use of music and ideas used by the company. It did not only teach me about techniques and performances but it also thought me something else about life, â€Å"that however old you are you can be as young as a toddler† and the second lesson and important message of all is that â€Å"You cannot always get what you want†. I hope too, that one day that however old I or anyone else gets we will never lose the young ness within ourselves just like the characters of Road to Heaven. How to cite Drama: A road to heaven, Papers

Point of Care Patient Testing

Question: Discuss about thePoint of Care Patient Testing. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of the report is to provide information on the examination of point of care devices (POCT) used in troponin and creatinine testing among the patients with the aim of giving recommendation for the best devices to use in troponin and creatinine test. Mainly the report makes an assessment of the devices used for the test of creatinine and troponin and recommends for the best device with respect to the analytical, pre-analytical and post-analytical consideration. Troponin Test: The troponin test measures the level of troponin T or troponin I protein present in the blood (1). These protein are mainly released when the muscles of the heart are damaged which occurs normally at the tie of heart attack. The more damaged is caused in the heart the greater is the amount of the release of troponin T and I in the blood (3). Troponin test is mainly done to check that whether a heart attack has occurred or not. Some devices used for the Troponin test are i-Stat Troponin I, Triage troponin I, PATHFAST troponin I, AQT90 Flex troponin I and AQT90 Flex troponin T. Creatinine Test The creatinine blood test is a test used to measure the level of creatinine present in the blood. Creatinine is one type of waste product which is formed when there is a breaking down of creatine (2). The doctors determines that how an individual persons kidney is working by the creatinine level present in the individuals blood. Creatinine is a substances that is normally eliminated by the kidney from the body (4). So increase in the blood creatinine level denotes the condition of the blood. Some of the devices that are used for creatinine test are i-STAT, ABL 800 Flex, Reflotron, Dri-Chem 4000, StatSensor and Piccolo. Pre-Analytical Considerations Protocol for Preparation of Patient The practitioner of POCT must get introduce themselves to the patient. The details of the test should be explained to the patient by the POCT practitioners and consent of the patient should be taken. The equipment like bio-hazards and sharps container, cotton wool balls, alcohol swabs and automated skin devise adhesive bandage required for the collection of the blood should be prepared by the POCT practitioner. The area from where the blood sample is to be collected must be cleaned with antiseptic before collection of the blood to kill the germs present there and to avoid their infection. Protocol for Collection of Blood Sample The POCT technician should follow the protocol of collection of blood sample. According to this protocol the needle should be inserted into the patients vein very carefully. Safety of Patient and Management of Risk The expected risk with the patients are excessive bleeding, puncturing of several points if locating a vein proves to be difficult, patient fainting of becoming lightheaded and hematoma. Training of Practitioners and Respective on-going Competency Assessment POCT Practitioners Training The POCT practitioners should be efficiently trained on various aspects like maintenance of equipment, Quality Control, analysis and interpretation of the test results and handling the patients. Analytical Considerations Type and frequency of quality control tests A quality control test of the devices should always be performed so that the accuracy and precision of the Troponin and Creatinine test devices can be ensured. Maintenance of device and performance records To ensure continuous functionalities of the devices, they should be maintained efficiently according to the instructions of the manufacturers. Post-analytical considerations Recording and reporting of test results The test results of every patient should be recorded manually and electronically. Post implementation follow-up and confirmation of performance requirements On the basis of the results of the test appropriate medical attention should be provided to the patients with high level of blood troponin and creatinine. Reference: Apple FS, Collinson PO, IFCC Task Force on Clinical Applications of Cardiac Biomarkers. Analytical characteristics of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Clinical chemistry. 2012 Jan 1;58(1):54-61. Grossi EN, Hogan JA, Flynn M. The utilization of urine processing for the advancement of life support technologies. 44th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Killingsworth CR, Melnick SB, Litovsky SH, Ideker RE, Walcott GP. Evaluation of acute cardiac and chest wall damage after shocks with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator in Swine. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2013 Oct 1;36(10):1265-72. Nguyen MT, Fong J, Ullah S, Lovell A, Thompson CH. Estimating glomerular filtration rate in obese subjects. Obesity research clinical practice. 2015 Apr 30;9(2):152-7.

Happiness depends upon ourselves Essay Example

Happiness depends upon ourselves Paper Happiness depends upon ourselves according to Aristotle but Epictetus believes that When we remember that our aim is spiritual progress, we return to striving to be our best selves. This is how happiness is won. Throughout Rhetorical History it is evident that rhetoric has served as a functional interaction between people and their environment. In order for there to be a functional interaction there must always be an exigency and a remedy as standard elements of the total environment, as well as a rhetorical interaction to support them both. In this paper I intend to examine the rhetorical situations that moved the rhetoricians Aristotle and Epictetus to construct their rhetorical theories. Epictetus, like most rhetoricians has a theory that is marked by imperfections, called exigencies. These imperfections are problems that Epictetus found while creating his theorys ideals. The main exigency for Epictetus and other Stoics was to show their students that philosophy has a practical purpose of guiding people towards leading better lives. According to Epictetus everyone is not perfectly happy for much, or even all of the time. He wanted to show his students that there is a reason for this being the case and most importantly that there are solutions that can remedy this situation. Another aim of Epictetus teaching was to live well to secure for oneself true happiness. Epictetus theory had to fall on the ears of a receptive audience and he found that in the school he formed for upper-class Romans. With students such as Flavius Arrian, and Herodes Atticus, Epictetus was considered the greatest of Stoics. We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness depends upon ourselves specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness depends upon ourselves specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness depends upon ourselves specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Epictetus was said to relate his school to the workings of a hospital where students would come to seek treatments for their ills. In stark reality that was true, people flocked to Epictetus schools because it gave them a solvent to the trials of human life and living in society. Every day they were set up with frustrations and obstacles and Epictetus goal was to teach people to see the happiness through those situations. The students who learned from Epictetus were easily able to turn the things they were hearing everyday into something they could use everyday. We have to deal with hostile and offensive people, and we have to cope with the difficulties and anxieties occasioned by the setbacks and illnesses visited upon our friends and relations. Even people with good fortune had to face the fact of their own death, but that was no reason to not search for true happiness. As with any theory there are constraints marked as a way to remove the seen problem in Epictetus theory. Two types of constraints can be identified in any rhetorical theory, artistic and inartistic proofs. Artistic proofs are defined as those things that are in the speakers control. In Epictetus theory, various artistic proofs can be identified. The language that he chose to use, the emotion that he conveyed through his message, and the reason that he used to arrive at how to formulate both of these things are all examples of artistic proofs. There are also inartistic proofs in every theory. These things would be all the ideas that are out of the speakers control. Examples of inartistic proofs in Epictetus theory could be many things, mostly things going on the environment around him and his society. The class status of the students that Epictetus taught would be an inartistic proof. Had Epictetus been directing his speeches at lower class people who had never been schooled, they may have no idea what he was speaking about. The potential students that are attempting to learn have to be on relatively the same level as the teacher. The historical events can also be an example of an inartistic proof. The mindset of the society and the way that they feel about their government, their peers and their noble classes had a huge influence on how they acted in everyday life. Now that Ive discussed the exigencies, the audience, and the constraints of Epictetus, I will focus on the same characteristics of Aristotle. Aristotle taught some of the most influential rhetoricians of his time and to them he tried to instill the same ideals that he valued so much. The most memorable of these was likely the scientific method that he used to explain why things happened the way they did. Aristotles exigency was marked by urgency mostly because he wanted the people of his day to understand what he did. Reason is the source of the first principles of knowledge, and from this reason Aristotle used the ideas that came about to persuade people of what exactly was going on in their day. Public discourse at the time was used to hinder peoples reason and they could never make decisions on their own if they were not taught how to reason for themselves. Aristotle was a firm believer that the mind is led by language, and he used his language to teach the people about their ability to learn and rationalize ideas. Aristotles main goal was to have a democratic government, and he knew that the people would never get to have one without the knowledge base that they needed to be expressive. Rhetoric is essential to any democracy according to Aristotle and it was important for him to teach all aspects of rhetoric to the people who supported it. The people who were most affected by Aristotles views were the people who heard him speak. At the time of his lectures most of these people were people in the kings court. He was hired by various kings to counsel them and lecture in their courts. The ideas that Aristotle was preaching about at the time were easily accepted because the people were easily impressionable. He believed that citizens must have knowledge and reason to be able to express their ideas. They were dealing with things that were easily explained by the scientific ideals that Aristotle believed in, and therefore he wanted to teach them how to express the ideas that they had about the things that were going on. Aristotle said that All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal. This was a simple idea that almost everyone could hold onto. It was explained by logic and was the dominant form of logic for almost 2,000 years. Some constraints were also posed on Aristotles scientific logic. Various artistic and inartistic proofs are identifiable in Aristotles theory. The language that he chose to use was important if nothing else than because he was preaching to men who favored the king he was working for at the time. He had to be very aware of what he was saying in honor of the king. Another artistic proof that Aristotle faced was the emotion that he portrayed in his lectures. People have said that Aristotles ideas would not have been so widely accepted had he not added to them so much emotion while he was speaking. There are also some evident inartistic proofs in Aristotles theory. As in the artistic proofs, the status of the audience members of Aristotles lectures, was very important, but out of his control. He was hired by the king; he could not discriminate who he was appointed to speak to. This brings up another inartistic proof, the government. The government was greatly out of Aristotles control, he was even manipulated by them because he was employed by them. They were however the people who could remove the exigency facing his theory. Both of the rhetors discussed, Aristotle and Epictetus, have similarities and differences in the situations that they faced. Epictetus was more faced with the guidance that he was offering to his students. His issues were more of a moral and emotional case where as Aristotles ideals were focused primarily on science and nature. The audience members that each rhetorician spoke to had personalities of their own as well. While each rhetor spoke to a fairly similar audience, their reasons for doing so were very different. Epictetus knew that he would have to focus his attention to upper class nobles, who had been schooled enough to know vaguely what he was talking about. Aristotle on the other hand, was appointed to teach to the kings court, he had no real decision in who he was preaching to. Aristotle over came this difference by teaching people to teach others. There are also some differences in the artistic and inartistic proofs that each rhetor faced. Epictetus, for example, used a specific language, showed a certain amount of emotion, and the reason that he was trying to convey to his audience. Aristotle believed that emotions were a rational feeling that gets in the way of good reason. Epictetus would have greatly disagreed with this notion that emotions were logical. Epictetus believed that emotions were the way to lead a person to unveil his true happiness. He felt that few people were content with life, but that through his learning they could find solutions to be happy most, if not all of the time. Where Epictetus would try to explain how to overcome the frustrations and setbacks of every conceivable type of complication, Aristotle would spend his time trying to find the truth and showing people how they had arrived at that conclusion. Both rhetors used various means to arrive at the success that they did with the individual audience that they were speaking to. Each one was faced with different exigencies and faced some constraints along the way. However Aristotle and Epictetus both overcame all of these things and were able to teach their message and let it be taught for many years after they were gone. Ashley Mock March 3,2004 Rhetoical Theory Paper #2 593-62-3535 Works Cited Bitzer, Lloyd, Functional Communication: A Situational Perspective, in E. E. White, ed. ,Rhetoric in Transition (University Park: Pensylvania State UP, 1981) 21-38. James Fieser, Ph. D. , The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Epictetus: Overview: 1 March 2004. http://www. iep. utm. edu/ James Fieser, Ph. D. , The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Aristotle: Overview: 1 March 2004. http://www. iep. utm. edu/.

Word Choice Its vs. Its - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

Word Choice Its vs. Its - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog Word Choice: Its vs. Its Apostrophes have a bad habit of turning up in unexpected places. Confusion between â€Å"its† and â€Å"its,† for example, is so common that, as proofreaders, we pretty much consider it our nemesis. Worry not, though! We’ve prepared this simple guide to using â€Å"its† and â€Å"it’s† correctly, so read on and you’ll soon be equipped to join our crusade against this common grammatical error. Why the Problem Occurs â€Å"Its† and â€Å"it’s† are so frequently confused because there are two situations in which we typically add an apostrophe to a word: To indicate possession (e.g., the windshield on a car is the â€Å"car’s windshield†) To indicate omitted letters in a contraction (e.g., â€Å"do not† becomes â€Å"don’t†) It would therefore make sense for something belonging to an â€Å"it† to be indicated by adding an apostrophe + â€Å"s† to the word, but in practice we only use an apostrophe for the contraction â€Å"it’s.† Why? And how do you remember this distinction? Let us explain. Its (Possessive Pronoun) The term â€Å"its† is used when referring to something owned or belonging to an â€Å"it† (typically an object or animal): With its smashed windows and chipped paintwork, the car was a wreck. Just dont ask us what we were doing when we wrecked it. [Photo: Thomas R Machnitzki]â€Å"Its† doesn’t require an apostrophe because it is a possessive pronoun, like â€Å"his,† â€Å"her† or â€Å"your† (none of which require an apostrophe to indicate possession). It’s (Contraction) â€Å"Its† is a contraction, a shortened version of two separate words with letters omitted. To be specific, â€Å"it’s† combines â€Å"it† with either â€Å"is† or â€Å"has† depending on the tense used: It is finally time! = It’s finally time! It has been a long wait! = It’s been a long wait! Like any other contraction, you must use an apostrophe to show that two words have been combined when writing â€Å"it’s.† Its or It’s? The distinction between these terms is vital for clarity, so it’s definitely worth taking a moment to remember how they should be used. Thankfully, the difference is a fairly simple one: Its = Possession Its = Contraction (either it is or it has) Thus, if you’re writing about something that belongs to an â€Å"it,† the correct term will always be â€Å"its.† Likewise, if you’re using â€Å"it’s† as a shortened version of â€Å"it is† or â€Å"it has,† you’ll always need an apostrophe. It’s also worth remembering that contractions are generally considered inappropriate in formal writing, so you should avoid terms like â€Å"its† in your college work and write â€Å"it is† in full instead.

Cause and Effect of the Unemployment Rate Term Paper

Cause and Effect of the Unemployment Rate - Term Paper Example The paper will also try to identify other causes for such extraordinary situation not seen ever before. Understanding Phillips Curve Below is a typical Phillips Curve drawn for the period between 1961 to 1969 as unemployment rate versus inflation rate. Source: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PhillipsCurve.html The curve shows inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation. During the years 1961-67, as unemployment rate rises from 4 percent to 6 percent, inflation rate reduces from 3 to 1 percent. A way back in those years, Philips curve was used as a guide for policy makers. To reduce the unemployment rate from 6 percent to 5 percent, the government would think of stimulating the economy by spending more but later on Phelps and Friedman put forward their views that in order to achieve lower unemployment rate government cannot trade with higher inflation rate. If unemployment is at the natural rate and the real wage also remains constant and the government uses mo netary and fiscal policy tools to lower unemployment rate below its natural rate, then the resultant increase in demand will encourage firms to raise their prices quickly and would like to pay more. Due to this, labor supply will increase and unemployment rate goes down. This is an illusion for labor as price will rise more rapidly than they would anticipate. The moment they feel the pinch of inflation, labor supply gets reduced at the old wage rates or they will demand increase in wages. In this process, real wage gets back to its previous level and the unemployment rate comes back to the natural rate. The price inflation continues at the higher rates due to expansionary fiscal policies. (Hoover 2008) Friedman’s and Phelps’s analyses explained first time that Phillips curves behave differently in the long run. The average inflation rate in 1960s was about 2.5 percent which rose to 7 percent in the 1970s; however during the same period the unemployment rate did not fal l but increased from about 4 percent to about 6 percent. This implied that at some rate of unemployment there would always be a stable rate of inflation. This came to be known as NAIRU (nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment). NAIRU is presented here below for the period between 1945 and 2000. (Hoover 2008) Source: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PhillipsCurve.html NAIRU does not suggest that unemployment rate is constant unlike natural rate of unemployment. Milton Friedman developed the Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve that explained the breakdown of the Phillips Curve. The Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve for the period from 1976 up to 2002 for the changes in the rate of inflation versus unemployment rate is plotted as per the following. (Hoover 2008) http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PhillipsCurve.html The chart shows NAIRU at about 6 percent. Assuming a situation when economy is at NAIRU, rate of inflation at 3 percent, and the government wants to reduce it to zero. The chart suggests that monetary and fiscal policy which drives unemployment rate from 6 to 7 percent brings down the inflation rate by 1 percentage point. If fiscal management causes unemployment rate to remain at 7 percent; it will take almost three years for inflation to reach to zero. The expectations-augmented Phillips Curve is considered a most basic macroeconomic forecasting tool used by most of the central banks while modulating fiscal policies. Most diverse schools of macroeconomic thought accept the applicability of this model. It is

American Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

American Imperialism - Essay Example In 1866, the foreign policy of America dealt with expansion of America and also mentioned that no European power will become a hindrance in the path of development of a country according to the doctrine given by Monroe in 1823 (Dulles 1955). The expansion started in 1866 when the first American troops were sent to Mexico (Dulles 1955). American Imperialism was rationalized by referring to the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. There were many other reasons due to which, American imperialism was justified. Due to the Spanish-American War, there was acquirement of the colonies related to foreign land (Dulles 1955). The agricultural and industrial growth of America increased to a great extent and got beyond the consumption needs of the country (Dulles 1955). There was a need of foreign markets for further economic growth and stability. Racial superiority was also a consideration of the time due to which, expansion took place (Dulles 1955). The major events that took place in nineteenth century in relation to American Imperialism were purchase of Alaska, the increase in economic stability of America, Spanish-American War, the victory of America, Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines came under the control of America, America appeared as a Manifest Destiny, California and the Oregon territory were taken under control by America and various islands in the Caribbean and Pacific ocean were annexed with America (Dulles 1955). Boxer rebellion Chinese Nationalists revolted against the foreign entrants and Christians but they were pushed back by American troops (Dulles 1955). Panama canal was also constructed by Americans during the imperialistic era. The countries that got involved in the imperialist policy of America were either taken over by America or were those who fought with America or backed the country. Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, Spain, Denmark, Russia and many others (Dulles 1955). The policy of

Role and purpose of sponsorship

Role and purpose of sponsorship Sponsorship is defined as a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property (typically a sports, entertainment, non-profit event or organization) in return for access to the exploitable commercial potential associated with that property (International Events Group (IEG) Glossary, 2010). Sponsorship can be beneficial to companies for many reasons but the two main reasons for a firm to enter a sponsorship are: (1) to increase brand awareness, and (2) to establish, strengthen, or change brand image (Cornwell and Maignan 1998; Crowley 1991; Gwinner 1997; Gwinner and Eaton 1999; Marshall and Cook 1992; Meenaghan 1991; Meerabeau et al. 1991). Sponsorship is now one of the most significant parts of marketing mix and all marketers consider it a major factor of a successful marketing campaign. The most popular medium of sponsorship is sport sponsorship and accounts for more than half of all sponsorship spending in UK and US (Thwaites, 1995). In UK the estimated value of sponsorship market is  £871 million with sport sponsorship accounting for 51% of all sponsorship expenditures in 2005, broadcast following with 27% and arts with 14% (Mintel, 2006). It is important to label the difference between event sponsorship and event marketing. Event sponsorship involves payment from the sponsors side in contrast to event marketing which refers to staging of an event from a firm with or without paying a sponsorship fee (Close et al, 2006). Sponsorship is also different from patronage. In patronage the financial support is given without any expectation of returns in terms of advertising or publicity, in sponsorship the main reason of financial contribution is brand awareness (Bennett, 1999). According to Meenaghan (2001) sponsorship is more beneficial than advertising for two main reasons: Firstly, consumers can develop an intense emotional response toward sponsorship and this leads to higher levels of involvement in the event. Moreover, sponsorship is an indirect attempt to persuade consumers compared to advertising which is direct. Therefore, sponsorship can influence consumer on a subconscious level. A diagnostic measure, used to make decisions concerning sponsorship and advertising is public awareness of sponsorship (Tripodi et al, 2003). As Gwinner and Bennett (2008) mention a lot of research was conducted on the effects of sponsorship on brand awareness (Cornwell Coote 2005; Gwinner Swanson, 2003; Madrigal, 2000, 2001; Pham Johar, 2001; Rifon, Choi, Trimble, Li, 2004), thus, the most recent studies on sponsorship focused on other element in order to measure the effectiveness of the sponsored events. As the authors state recent studies focus on the consumer attitude toward sponsorship (McDaniel 1999; Speed Thompson, 2000; Stipp, 1998), (Dean, 2002; Gwinner Eaton, 1999; McDaniel 1999; Rifon et al., 2004; Rodgers, 2004; Szykman, Bloom, Blazing, 2004), goodwill (Meenaghan, 1991, 2001), fan involvement (Fisher Wakefield, 1998; Madrigal, 2001; Meenaghan, 2001; Schurr, Wittig, Ruble, Ellen, 1988; Wann Branscombe, 1993), image transfer (Gwinner, 1997; Gwinner Eaton, 1999), and behavioral intentions like purchase intent, positive word-of-mouth, and actual purchase behavior because of sponsorship (Madrigal, 2001; McDaniel, 1999). Sports sponsorship is the most studied type of sponsorship and the majority of studies had shown a positive influence of sponsorship on brand recall and recognition, image transfer and purchasing intentions (Kim and Choi, 2007). However, no research has conducted on how brand awareness, eventà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢sponsor fit, attitude toward the sponsors, fan involvement and purchasing intention can be effective in a music festival surrounding. All the above studies mainly focus on sports events because sports sponsorship is more popular than others types of sponsorship (Mintel, 2009). According to BBC News the sales of albums dropped by 3.5% in 2009 to 128.9 million, this was the fifth year in a row that sales of album have fallen. On the other side, music digital downloading increased (BBC News, 2010). Therefore, the music industry should determine other methods in order to increase its profits. Music festivals and concerts are becoming a major source of income for artists and generally the music industry (Campaign, 2008). This is a great opportunity for brands to sponsor music event. According to Mintel (2008) the total number of concert goers is forecast to continue rising to 2013, but at a much slower rate that over the last five years: just under 25 million people are forecast to attend a concert in one of the major categories in 2013, compared with an estimated 23 million in 2008 and 17 million in 2003. Furthermore, a research commissioned from Target Media (executed from Eyebal) shows that many different sectors choose to associate with music festivals, but those with the most potential for success are alcoholic drinks, with 75% of festival goers spotting booze ads at festivals and 77% believing alcohol brand advertising would work best at festivals. Fashion brand advertising has been spotted by 36% of those attending festivals and 41% believe this kind of advertising would work best in a festival environment. (cited in Roberts,2009). According to a research made on sponsorship of music festivals, brand sponsorship has an impact on brand recall, awareness and attitude towards the brand (Rowley and Williams, 2008). Although sponsorship of music festival from alcoholic drinks looks very promising as a marketing communication tool health issues can impede this process. According to Campaign (2009) the governments health committee will recommend changes to advertising codes to prevent alcohol companies sponsoring music or sports events if a proportion of the audience would be too young to buy alcohol. On the other hand, a research made from The Cardiff Business School, published by the International Journal of Sports Marketing Sponsorship, found that there are no significant statistical correlations between sports sponsorship awareness and attitudes to alcohol use among underage drinkers. (cited in Parson,2010). This study aims to provide a better understanding of brand sponsorship on music events. The main purpose of the research is to investigate how sponsorship in music festivals can influence the beliefs and attitudes of the participants. Through the analysis of the impact of music sponsorship on consumers perception of brands it will be easier for firms to target their customers more efficiently. Music concerts and festivals that use alcoholic drinks as sponsors will be investigated in order to examine the behavior of the consumers. The research will focus on alcoholic drinks (Tuborg beer) because alcohol brands are the most common sponsors of music events. The objectives of this research are: Examine the levels of brand awareness in music festivals Investigate the level of fan involvement of music festival participants Determine the congruence between music festivals and alcoholic drinks as perceived from the consumers Examine the attitude of participants toward the sponsors of music festivals Investigate if attitude towards the sponsor, fan involvement and sponsor / event fit influence the buying intentions of music event participants The first chapter will provide the academic background of sponsorship especially in sports events because most previous studies are related to sports. However, the variables that were used from previous researchers in order to measure different aspects of sponsorship effectiveness will be adapted to our study on music events. Variables such as brand awareness, fan involvement, sponsor and event congruence, attitude towards the sponsor and purchasing intention will be explained at this stage of the research. Every variable will be defined and the results from previous studies will be presented. In this way, we will determine our objectives and define the measurement that will be used throughout the report. In the second chapter the methodology will be presented. Due to the scope of our research and based on previous studies only quantitative research will be conducted. The collection of the data will be based on questionnaires. Questionnaires will be distributed in a popular music festival (Latitude Festival 2010) in order to test the impact of sponsorship in music events. Research instruments and data collection method will be part of this chapter as well as the way that our survey was conducted. In the next chapter, the results of the entire research will be presented. SPSS will be used in order to analyze the collected data and to evaluate the level of significance of our results. Descriptive statistics as well as correlation and regression analysis will be conducted in order to check the validity of our results. Tables and graphs will also be concluded in this part of the study. In the last chapter, the conclusions will be drawn and compared to the results of previous studies. The conclusions will be used as a guide in order to advise marketing managers in their future marketing campaigns. Limitation of the study as well as ideas for future research will be concluded in this part. Brand awareness This study will investigate how sponsorship in music festivals can influence the beliefs and attitudes of the participants; hence all types of branding should be defined. Brands can influence consumers in many different ways. According to De Chernatony and McDonald (2003) brand awareness reflects the salience of a brand and facilitates consumers abilities to identify the brand with a specific product category. Brand awareness consists of brand recognition and brand recall (Keller, 1993, Keller 2001). Recall is the ability to name (typically unprompted) the brands involved in a given sponsorship. On the other hand, Brand recognition develops the notion of knowledge by adding the ability to recognize the product category of the brands involved (Smith, 2004). For instance everybody knows that AIG is the sponsor of Manchester United but fewer people recognize that AIG is an insurance company. In addition, brand image reflects the consumers perception of a brands characteristics and can be gauged by associations they hold in their memory (De Chernatony and McDonald, 2003). According to Keller (2001) positive perception of the brand is likely to affect the cognitive (eg brand recognition, awareness and recall), affective (eg liking or preference for the brand) and conative (eg intention to buy, brand purchase and loyalty) dimensions of consumer behavior and create strong brands which yield marketing advantages, such as lower vulnerability to competitive actions or market crises, the ability to earn higher margins and increased marketing communication effectiveness. In addition, Gà ¼Ãƒ §là ¼ Sà ¶zer and Vardar support this statement on their journal. According to the authors the positive effect of sponsorship is mainly on the cognitive dimensions of brand equity. Cognitive dimensions of brand equity, which are brand awareness and perceived quality, represent lower levels of consumer-brand relations. The main reason for brands to sponsor events is increased brand awareness and improved brand image (Gwinner and Eaton, 1999). Moreover, sponsorship is the main medium for art festivals to raise money (Hume et al., 2007). According to Alexandris et al (2008) potential sponsors who target events with young and more educated spectators might have an easier task in sponsorship promotion and in achieving sponsorship objectives, than sponsors who target events with older and less educated spectators, who are probably less informed about sponsorship issues. These spectators need more focused marketing approaches in sponsorship promotion, if awareness is to be achieved. Therefore, sponsorship of music festivals can be more effective on reaching the sponsorship objectives due to the target audience of music festivals. The audience of rock/indie festivals is mainly male between 16-34 and their social status is ABC1 (Mintel, 2008). The first stage of sponsorship benefits is awareness, without it, the sponsors cannot meet their subsequent objectives such as image enhancement, positive behavioral intentions and increased sales (Crompton, 2004). The actual use of the product in the sponsorship event is of major importance for the awareness of both the product and the brand. In events that sponsors provided a specific souvenir item and allowed product sampling the recall and recognition levels of the sponsor were higher (Miloch and Lambrecht, 2006). The mean recognition rates for these sponsors were twice as high compared to those sponsors that did not activate their sponsorships (Miloch and Lambrecht, 2006). It is also interesting enough that the recall levels change during the event. Before and during the event the recall levels of the sponsor are relatively high but after the event they fall again in the initial levels, the communication effort of the sponsor is what determines the effectiveness and the duration of the sponsorship awareness (Walliser, 2003). Moreover, Grohs et al (2004) support that people who are aware of the sponsor before the event, they are more aware after it. Brand equity of sponsor plays a major role in the fit that consumers perceive between the sponsor and the event. Even if the events sponsored are identical, high brand equity sponsors are perceived more congruent than low brand equity ones (Roy and Cornwell, 2003). Higher recall and recognition levels can be achieved when people are interested on the event (Miloch and Lambrecht, 2006). This means that when the participants are more involved with the event higher brand awareness can be achieved for the sponsor. According to the results from a survey conducted from Vale et al (2009) the level of investment is related to the level of awareness. Consequently, the sponsors that invest more in the sponsorship were more evoked. The results also suggest that sponsorship when considered in isolation from other complementary communicative policies positively affects the awareness of the sponsoring brands through exposure (Vale et al, 2009). The relationship between exposure and recall is generally positive and not an inverted U as many researchers supposed (Zajonc, 1968 ; Bennett, 1999). Therefore, a repeated exposure to stimuli (e.g. the logo of the sponsor) will lead to a more favorable opinion towards the stimulus (Bennett, 1999). If the spectator frequently visits the area of sponsorship (e.g. a football stadium) it is more likely to be aware of the sponsors perimeter posters (Bennett, 1999). However, consumers get confused about the official sponsor of the event (Grohs, 2004). Ambush marketing can be the reason for the misunderstanding of the official sponsor. It is common in sponsored events brands that are not the official sponsor and do not have a direct connection to the event to try to exploit the commercial opportunities that appear (Burton and Chadwick, 2009). In order to predict sponsor recall many parameters of sponsorship should be determined. According to Grohs et al (2004) sponsor-property fit, event in volvement and exposure are the main factors to be considered. According to the research of Boshoff and Gerber (2007) both brand recall and brand recognition of the sponsor of the event increased significantly but brand recall and brand recognition of non sponsor did not increase at all. Therefore, sponsorship has a positive direct impact on brand awareness of the sponsor. Although, field-sponsorship stimuli as well as television-sponsorship stimuli are effective as far as memorization is concerned, they are not equally effective (Lardinoit and Derbaix, 2001). According to the research of Lardinoit and Derbaix (2001) television-sponsorship stimuli influence both unaided recall and recognition; on the other hand, field sponsorship can lead to a superficial memory trace in the mind of the consumer. Fan Involvement According to Meenaghan (2001) fan involvement refers specifically to the extent to which consumers identify with, and are motivated by, their engagement and affiliation with particular leisure activities. Enduring involvement corresponds to a kind of genuine enthusiasm, a strong and solid interest that comes from the relevance of an object or subject for the individual ( Lardinoit and Derbaix,2001). On the other hand, team identification is spectators perceived connectedness to a team and its performance and represents the final mechanism of fan attachment (Smith et al, 2008). Consequently, fan involvement is used to measure the attachment of an individual towards a social or leisure activity and team identification to measure attachment towards a team. Individual that are more involved towards an activity, they are capable to comprehend the values of the event and to associate these values to the sponsor of the event (Meenaghan, 2001). Fans who attend football matches in order to support their team they share the same norms and images with other fans and their involvement to the whole event generates positive feeling towards the group of fans (Bennett, 1999). According to Lardinoit and Derbaix (2001) it is of major importance for the success of sponsorship to reach high levels of involvement because involvement attracts the consumers to watch the sponsored event, for longer periods of time and more frequently. The authors also mention that involvement leads to extensive exposure to the sponsors message. Purchasing intention can also change when the attendant is highly involved in the activity (Meenaghan, 2001). Fan involvement has an impact on brand awareness and brand image of the sponsor. As Pitts and Slattery (2004) state highly committed viewers and individuals who are more aware of the event it is more likely to recognize the sponsor compared to less committed spectators. This also supported from the research of Lascu et al (1995) which was based on golf fans. According to the finding high involved golf fan were more likely to remember the name of the sponsor. In addition, the greater the interest of the participant for the event, the greater the sympathy toward the sponsor and this lead to more positive image for the sponsor (Alexandris et al, 2007; DAstous and Bitz, 1995). This is also supported from Close et al (2006) survey: An event attendee who is more active in the area of the event (e.g., sports) is more likely to appreciate a sponsors community involvement. According to Alexandris et al (2007) highly involved attendants of basketball were more likely to engage in positive word -of-mouth. According to Wann Branscombe, (1995) an individual can feel more secure and strengthen its self esteem by belonging to a group. They also mention that a person emphasize on the positive aspects of the group and try to avoid any negative associations. The above behavior strengthens their identity as team members (Madrigal, 2001). Loyal and dedicated fans of a team or an event (as described from the research) were much more likely to purchase or consider purchasing from sponsors of the event than those who were not as avid supporters of the team or the event (Dees et al, 2008; Fisher and Wakefield, 1998; Madrigal 2000; Schurr et al, 1988; Smith et al, 2008; Wann and Branscombe, 1993). Moreover, highly identified sports fans are also more likely to be aware of the sponsor and to form a positive attitude (Gwinner and Swanson, 2003; Madrigal,2001). Highly identified fans also attend games (Fisher Wakefield, 1998; Schurr et al, 1988, Smith et al, 2008), spend more on tickets and products , and remain loyal (Smith et al, 2008). The development of an emotional relationship between the consumer and the social activity can also be a result of an effective sponsorship (Meenaghan, 2001). It is interesting, that fan involvement did not have the same impact as other variables as attitude toward the sponsor and goodwill. According to Dees et al (2008) attitude toward sponsor and goodwill have greater impact than fan involvement on purchasing intentions. In order to understand the behavior of attendants of performing arts it is very useful to determine the relationship between subscription and involvement and the relationship between the quality of the event and the purchasing intentions of the attendants (Hume et al, 2007). Sponsor and event fit It is of major importance for the success of an event the consumer perception of congruence between the event and the sponsor, accordingly sponsor brands need to be close to the event participants and try to communicate with them during the event( Gà ¼Ãƒ §là ¼ Sà ¶zer and Vardar, 2009). In image sponsoring, the sponsoring company attempts to identify itself or one or more of its products with the positive images of the event held by the events consumers (spectators, viewers) (Ferrand and Pages, 1996). Therefore, the sponsor should consider how the image of its brand can be congruent to the image of the event. Gwinner and Eaton (1999) in their study about sponsorship and image transfer found that if consumers perceive similarities between the event and the sponsors brand the image transfer was enhanced. This statement was also supported from a latter research made from Gwinner et al (2009) on team identification and event sponsorship. Speed and Thomson research (2000) found that a good fit between event and sponsor can have a positive influence on attitude toward the sponsor and in the intention of using the sponsors product. An example of good category-level fit would be a sports clothing company sponsoring tennis. If there is category-fit consumers next consider fit at the level of the brand, Adidas, for example is a global sportswear brand that would fit with a top-level tennis brand such as Wimbledon(Gwinner and Eaton, 2009). In order to determine the influence of sponsorship we should take into account similarities. There two types of similarities according to Gwinner (1997): Functional similarity occurs when the participants of an event use the product of the sponsor and image related similarity occurs when the image of brand and event are interrelated. An example of the above theory is given by Donald and Cornwell (2003), Mountain Dew has successfully developed brand associations of over the edge and extreme by sponsoring sports such as skateboarding and snowboarding that have similar associations attached to them. Brand knowledge is also a factor that it should be considered when we evaluate sponsorship techniques. High levels of brand knowledge can lead to brand cohesiveness and make the individual able to find a fit between the brand and the event (Gwinner and Bennett, 2008). If the participant of an event is aware of the sponsoring brand (brand knowledge) he can easier conceptualize the similarity between the brand and the event. In addition, it is crucial to take into consideration sponsor-property fit, event involvement and exposure when we want to predict sponsor recall (Grohs et al, 2004). According to Becker-Olsen and Simmons (2002) participant who are exposed to sponsorships with low fit generated less favorable thoughts, formed a less favorable attitude toward the sponsorship, saw the firms positioning as less clear, and engendered less favorable affective and behavioral responses to the firm. If there is a relationship between the product and the event consumers can easier recognize the sponsoring brand than if there is no relationship (Pham Johar, 2001). Therefore, it is more effective in awareness terms if a guitar manufacturer sponsor a music event than a sport event. There is a connection gap (lack of congruence) between the event and the sponsor if the event is over commercialized (Gwinner and Bennett, 2008). According to the authors this is due to the feeling of exploitation that that participant develops toward over commercialized brands. This is also supported from Speed and Thomson (2000) who state that the positive association found between perceived sincerity and response to sponsorship suggests that consumers do not perceive sponsorship to be just another form of commercial activity but are sensitive to the potential philanthropic dimension that a sponsorship may have The way the congruence or fit between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is perceived from the individuals influence the conditioned response (Speed and Thomson, 2000). The consumer response is stronger when there is a fit between the sponsor and the sponsored event (Crinmiins and Horn 1996; Otker and Hayes 1987; Speed and Thomson, 2000; Stipp and Schiavone 1996;). Therefore, the fit between the sponsor and the sponsored event is of major importance for the success of event. In addition, the combination of personal liking from the consumers side and a good fit between the event and the sponsor will lead to a more positive respond toward the sponsor of the event (Speed and Thomson, 2000). According to Roy (2000) student that perceived that there was a high level of congruence between the brand and the sport event transfer this positive association to the corporate image of sponsor. He also mentions that the attitude of the students toward the sponsor; due to the fit between brand/event, was also positive. Positive cognitive and affective responses from the consumer are the result of fit between the event and the sponsor (Koo et al, 2006). Fit is also important in order for the brand to reach its target market and instigate the affective associations (McDaniel, 1999) Attitude towards the sponsor One of the major objectives of sponsorship is the development of positive attitude and feeling toward the sponsor of the event (Gwinner Swanson, 2003; Harvey, 2001). According to Lee and Sandler (2007) the effectiveness of sponsorship in terms of reaching the desired objectives is related to the different attitudes that consumer have towards different events. Attitude is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993). Therefore, the attitude toward the sponsor can be either positive or negative. The positive attitude toward the sponsor can be the result of favorable beliefs about the benefits of corporate sponsorship (Madrigal, 2001). If the corporate sponsorship is perceived as important from people their attitude is more positive toward the sponsor of the event (Madrigal, 2001). According to Mason (2005) attitudes are comprised of enduring cognitive (beliefs), affective (evaluative emotional attachments) and behavior tendencies towards an object . He also mentions that sponsorship influence the affective components of attitude and generate positive link between the event and the sponsors brand. Attitude toward an object is based on the beliefs that the individual has about that object and the behavioral intentions toward the object are determined from the attitude of the individual (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). Therefore, attitude toward the brand is a relatively enduring, unidimensional summary evaluation of the brand that presumably energizes behavior (Spears and Singh, 2004). It is interesting enough that even when the sponsorship awareness of the sponsored event is low, spectators of the event developed positive attitude toward sponsorship in general (Alexandris et al, 2008). According to Alexandris et al (2008) the sponsorship campaign should not over commercialize the event in order to maintain the positive feelings of the participants toward the sponsor. As already mention over commercialization has also a negative impact on the consumers perception of event/sponsor fit (Gwinner and Bennett, 2008). According to the authors this is due to the feeling of exploitation that that participant develops toward over commercialized brands. Attitude toward the sponsor is important in order to predict the purchasing intention of attendants (Alexandris et al, 2007; Lee et al, 1997; Speed and Thomson, 2000). In addition, sport activity involvement, and beliefs about sponsorship play an important role on the prediction of sponsorship outcomes such as image, word of mouth, and purchase intentions (Alexandris et al, 2007). Positive attitudes toward a sponsor have further been positively associated with favorable perceptions and intentions to purchase a sponsors product (Speed and Thompson, 2000). Brand image of the sponsor can also be improved from repeat attendance of the event (Lacey et al, 2007). Purchasing intention Purchase intentions are an individuals conscious plan to make an effort to purchase a brand » (Spears Singh, 2004). Consumers purchase intention is based on two main influences: first, a positive attitude towards the brand; and second, brand familiarity, which is obtained from brand exposure and prior use (Pope and Voges, 2000). The enhanced company and brand awareness that sponsorship can cause is only a part of its effectiveness. According to Smith et al (2008) sponsorship can also create the desirability to the attendants of the event to buy the sponsored products. This is also supported from previous researches on consumer purchasing intentions (Faircloth, Capella and Alford, 2001; Koo et al 2006; Lee et al., 1997; Madrigal, 2001; Meenaghan, 2001; Terry and Hogg, 1996). It is also interesting that congruency between sponsor and event is influenced from brand equity. As Roy and Cornwell (2003) mentioned sponsors with high brand equity sponsors are perceived from participants of the events as more congruent than those with low brand equity. The link between personal attitude toward an object and the actual behavior is called behavioral intention (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). Therefore, when we want to predict the influence of sponsorship, attitude toward the sponsor is of major importance. Speed and Thomson (2000) state that positive attitudes toward the sponsor can motivate the participant to purchase the sponsors product. This occurs because generally consumers positive attitude towards the brand will lead to purchase intention before the actual purchase of the brand (Spears and Singh, 2004). However, celebrity advertisement may not be as effective as sponsorship. According to the experimental study of Tripp et al (1994) when celebrity advertisement increases the intention of consumer to purchase the product decreases. Three variables that lead to higher purchase intentions according to Smith et al (2004) are: Team support Sponsor receptiveness (openness to further information, interest in learning more about the sponsor and knowledge of the sponsors business) Sponsor integrity (is a composite measure of respondents views about the relationship between the sponsor and the sponsored sporting team) Some interesting finding from the research of Smith et al (2004) is that the purchase intentions are positively influenced from sponsorship if the participants are passionate supporters of the sport team or the event. In support to the above statement, Spears and Singh (2004) mention that avid supporters (loyal and dedicated fans) and those who hold positive views of the corporate sponsors its more likely to buy the sponsors product than non fans. On the contrary, the frequent match attendance did not have an impact on purchase intentions (Smith et al, 2004). According to Dees et al (2008) the pleasant atmosphere of an event is what influences the consumer to purchase the product of the sponsor. During the event the marketing message is introduced to the consumer. Therefore, the consumer will buy the product of the sponsor in order to experience the same feeling that he had during the event. According to the research conducted from MacDonald and Sharp (2000) on consume

Morrisons Swot Essay

Richard Hammond, use of familiar face to advertise the company in a celebrity obsessive society. †¢Emphasis on procuring and distribution of quality British product at competitive price compared to competitors †¢Acquisition of new stores and expansion of the company, steady rise in company profits in recent years Weakness: †¢Company focus mostly on food products while the market share for daily goods, accessories and pharmaceutical are being over taken by competitors . i. e. Tesco, Asda †¢The economic crisis- means possible customers cannot afford to spend their income quickly and will prefer for a better value before making sale †¢The company as many other major supermarkets are essentially working in a negative working capital meaning its always in debt †¢Company lagging behind in implementing its digital services to its customers compared to the major competitors such as Tesco who’ve had their online service operation for several years now †¢Globalization means cheaper and equally quality product can and are being sold by the stores competitors at competitive price Opportunity: †¢Branching out into other business ventures like pharmaceuticals, opticians, electronics, entertainment goods, clothes and many more †¢Focusing more on customer satisfaction and ease of convenience in order to portray the company in a positive manner †¢Special deals and offers on common consumer goods as in food stuff & hygiene, during such economic instability to present solidarity and understanding towards the customers Threats: Adverse weather conditions such as snow storms and heavy rain, etc over major sales season may result in poor profit margins †¢ Due to external geo-political pressure i. e. new rules and regulations brought in by the E. U may result in heavy loss of possible income †¢Recent economic crisis means the loss of hundreds of thousands of job and business loss, directly affecting the spending power of would be customers who may look for cheaper alternatives to a supermarket †¢Competitors from major European supermarket Losing valuable suppliers and fianancial aid from banks due to the economic crisis

Security Chief at a Manufacturing Company

You're the security chief at a manufacturing company that makes small metal hand tools. The plant employs roughly one hundred people. Management has told you that many tools have disappeared. According to company records, the plant produces approximately fifty thousand per day, but far fewer are actually being shipped out. After double-checking the figures to ensure their accuracy, you have concluded that pilferage is the only possible explanation. A meal detector positioned at the employee exit near the time clock would catch anyone trying to smuggle tools out of the factory.Because the purchase cost of a metal detector is prohibited, you have decided to rent one. Anyone caught stealing will immediately be fired, and a note to that effect will become part of the individual's personnel file. You don't want to create an atmosphere of hostility, but you do need to inform the employees about these developments. Write a memo to be posted on the main bulletin board and sent via e-mail. De ar Employees, Due to recent record inconsistencies, the manufacturing company will be reviewing supply and product expenses.Recently brought to our attention is the shortage of production inventory leaving our warehouse plant. Significant security protocols will be implemented as precautions to help reduce cost wherever possible. We ask all employees to keep an open eye for suspicious behavior. Employees caught taking company supplies for personal use, would be grounds for immediate termination and appropriate legal disciplinary actions. Any incident will be reviewed, recorded, and filed for future reference. We thank you for being a part of our company. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns please contact management. Respectfully, -MD

PEST analysis of manufacturing in Pakistan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 990 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL The government of Pakistan plays a pivotal role in regulating cement manufacturing industry. Controls and policies are being formulated to smoothen up business operations and facilitate entrepreneurs to operate effectively and efficiently. However, still there are many tax and other charges imposed on cement producers which makes them non-competitive in international market. Cement manufacturers are liable to pay Corporate Income Tax @34%, Federal Excise Duty (FED) of US$3.8/t, and Sales Tax of 17% of the MRP. In addition to this, the initial allowances on Plant and Machinery are also restricted to 25% together with import taxes on raw materials and capital goods being kept at 5% for cement manufacturers of Pakistan. Duties are also being imposed on basic packaging material i.e. Kraft paper under @15% https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Pakistan Government has to play an important role in improving trade relations across the globe. The export sales of manufacturers are damaged by worsening bi-lateral relations in international markets and as a result cement manufacturers suffer due to government inefficiency and ill-diplomacy. Recently the government badly failed to persuade India for removal of trade barriers and consequently manufacturers lost a lucrative Indian market. https://www.dailytimes.com.pk/business/02-Mar-2014/budget-proposals-for-2014-15-cement-industry-demands-tax-rationalisation Government assisted policies also help the cement industry flourish. Successful development of Metro Bus system in Lahore has greatly helped cement industry in previous years. Further extension will be an injection to cement industry from the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side. https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-240002-PML-N-government-fulfils-longstanding-dema nd-of-residents Presently largest coastal nuclear power projects are in pipeline to be started shortly this year. https://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/11/26/pakistan-initiates-largest-coastal-nuclear-power-projects-of-62000-mw-electricity/ In addition to this, construction of steel mills in Chiniot will be another gift for the industry by the government. https://tribune.com.pk/story/690593/man-of-steel-shahbaz-signs-chiniot-iron-ore-estimation-agreement/ By now, the government has also motivated the Chinese investors to invest in various construction projects including Gadani Power Project, Dasu Power Generation Project and cement industry development. https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-29098-Pakistan-attracting-foreign-investment-says-Nawaz Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "PEST analysis of manufacturing in Pakistan" essay for you Create order SOCIAL Due to non-availability and expensive nature of oil and gas coal is used as basic fuel. However, some companies have even progressed to using tire fuel because of its efficient power generation and has lesser TDF metal content as compared to coal. Though this is more environmental friendly but companies will take time to shift to this power source and make themselves more environmentally responsible. https://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/tires/tdf.htm Cement manufacturing as like other production processes cause environmental pollution.Residents if living in nearby areas get affected by such production processes. Such was the case of dust pollution caused by Kohat Cement Factory that threatened the prosperity of the surrounding villages. https://www.dawn.com/news/1028419/cement-factory-causing-dust-pollution-in-kohat Cement industry provide enormous employment opportunities for Pakistani population. It approximately accounts for 5% of total employed labor force of the country. It employs skilled, unskilled, technical, managerial and engineering professionals for various job roles. Further, it creates business and opportunities for ancillary industries including retailing, distribution, transport etc. https://www.dgtrdt.gov.pk/Research/38th_syndicate_reports/4.pdf ECONOMIC The market structure of cement industry seems to be cartel based and the membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests are taken care of by All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA). However, members of APCMA deny presence of cartel on the grounds of inconsistency in cement prices, capacity utilization and market capitalization. https://tribune.com.pk/story/528875/cement-industry-denies-existence-of-cartel/ Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) fined 20 cement manufactures acting and coordinating as a cartel. However, these market producers kept on denying any sort of collusive price arrangements agreed between them. https://www.globalcement.com/news/item/1937-lucky-strike?-changes-in-pakistan%E2%80%99s-cement-industry The international cement market is becoming fiercely competitive as all countries start to protect their balance of payments by imposing trade restrictive measures on cement imports. Depressing economic circumstances and balance of payment concerns worldwide has forced countries to adopt protectionist policies at large. https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Tax The profitability of cement industry has been badly affected by rising power generation costs. The energy crisis reduces the electricity supply to the industry and therefore many producers are shifting towards self generated power systems. In addition to this, gas tariffs have been increased by 17% resulting in higher power generation costs. https://www.dawn.com/news/1080191/tepid-growth-in-cement-sector Government uses a discriminatory tariff policy by which gas tariffs have been increased by only 17% for captive power plants as compared to compared to 50% increase for industrial consumers. This principal policy distorts completion and provides an undue edge to captive power generation owners. https://www.brecorder.com/brief-recordings/0/1246753/ Survival of small cement manufacturers is very difficult in the market which is dominated by giants. Their market power, pricing controls and collusion pose a dominant t hreat to survival of small scale manufacturers. Especially smaller cement producers are finding it very troublesome to compete against large manufacturers after discriminatory power policy because they are primarily dependent on grid power sources of WAPDA. https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/All%20Pakistan%20Cement%20Manufacturers%20Association Technological All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) has entered into an agreement with Lafarge Pakistan Limited to improve and upgrade cement manufacturing units in Pakistan to international health and safety standards. https://www.dawn.com/news/800576/mou-for-safety-in-cement-industry The main concern for the industry is to rationalize their power sources. Investment in Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is being done by few companies to secure and streamline their power generation activities. This is a modernized way of power generation through municipal waste. Moreover, waste heat recovery projects are being carried out by many producers in order to reduce their costs. https://www.nation.com.pk/business/11-Mar-2013/debt-servicing-a-major-part-of-cement-industry-cost In addition, the technological advancements are taking place to reduce fuel costs by switching to power generation through alternate sources of energy including pet coke and shredded rubber. https://www.d awn.com/news/1090385/cement-sector-seeks-relief