Control Key and Word

1. Word flags the potential error in the document window with a colored underline. A ____ wavy underline means the flagged text is not in Word's dictionary (because it is a proper name or misspelled). A)red B) blue C) yellow D) green 2. With a ____, you can convert a printed picture, drawing, or diagram to a digital file. A)fax machine B) copy machine C) scanner D) digital camera 3. The process of developing a document that communicates specific information requires careful analysis and planning. As a starting point, ____.A)analyze the intended readers of the document and their unique needs B)determine the document design and style C)establish why the document is needed D)gather information about the topic4. Character formatting is the process of changing the way characters appear ____. A)on the screen B) in print C) both a. and b D) neither a. nor b5. To see a complete list of automatically corrected words, click ____ on the Ribbon to open the Backstage view, click Options in the Backstage view, click Proofing in the left pane, click the AutoCorrect Options button, and then scroll through the list near the bottom of the dialog box.A)Home B) Format C) File D) Edit6. If the Picture Tools Format tab is no longer displayed on the Ribbon, ____ the picture to display the Picture Tools Format tab. A)triple-click B) ouble-click C) right-click D) single-click7. If yo u want to conserve ink or toner, you can instruct Word to print draft quality documents by clicking ____ on the Ribbon to open the Backstage view. A)Format B) Edit C) Insert D) File8. You want the headline to be ____, that is, positioned horizontally between the left and right margins on the page.A)left-aligned B) centered C) justified D) right-aligned9. A(n) ____ mark, sometimes called a nonprinting character, is a character that Word displays on the screen but is not visible on a printed document. A)unified B) text C) formatting D) editing10. Paragraph ____ is the process of changing the appearance of a paragraph. A)formatting B) controlling C) enhancing D) editing11. A ____ is a computer program that can damage files and programs on your computer. A)virus B) cold C) bug D) flu12. In Word, the default font usually is ____.A)Times New Roman B) Arial C) Cambria D) Calibri13. ____ text prints with an underscore (_) below each character. A)Italicized B) Underlined C) Embossed D) Bolde d14. To save an existing document with the same file name using one click, press the ____ button on the Quick Access Toolbar to overwrite the previously saved file. A)Save B) Save As C) either a. or b. D) neither a. nor b.15. When you ____ text, Word colors the rectangular area behind any text or graphics. A)border B) emboss C) bold D) shade16. ___ properties are associated with all Microsoft Office documents and include author, title, and subject. A)Basic B) Trusted C) Default D) Standard17. The ____ is the first line of text on a document. A)header B) footer C) headline D) body copy18. A ____ is a word or phrase that further describes the document. A)keyword B) tab C) property D) characteristic19. Each time you press the ____ key, Word creates a new paragraph and inserts blank space between the two paragraphs. A)F3 B) ENTER C) TAB D) CTRL20. ____ denotes success, victory, creativity, and enthusiasm. A)Red B) Blue C) Orange D) Purple21. You can center page contents vertically betwe en the top and bottom margins. To do this, click the Page Setup Dialog Box Launcher, click the ____ tab, click the Vertical alignment box arrow, click Center in the list, and then click the OK button. A)Alignment B) Format C) Layout D) Edit22. The ____ consists of all text between the headline and the signature line. A)placeholder B) header C) footer D) body copy23. Word flags the potential error in the document window with a colored wavy underline. A ____ wavy underline indicates the text may contain a contextual spelling error such as the misuse of homophones (words that are pronounced the same but that have different spellings or meanings, such as one and won). A)yellow B) red C) blue D) green24. Word flags the potential error in the document window with a colored wavy underline. A ________wavy underline indicates the text may be incorrect grammatically. A)red B) yellow C) green D) blue25.A single point is about 1/72 of one inch in height. A)1/18 B) 1/9 C) 1/72 D) 1/3626. The MLA style requires that you set the line spacing to ____ for the entire research paper. A)double B) multiple C) 1. 5 D) single27. Word automatically inserts page breaks, called _____, when it determines the text has filled one page according to paper size, margin settings, line spacing, and other settings. A)hard page breaks B) anchored page breaks C) floating page breaks D) soft page breaks28. A ____ is text and graphics you want printed at the top of each page in a document.A)title B) superscript C) header D) footer29. Word automatically numbers notes sequentially by placing a ____ both in the body of the document and to the left of the note text. A)note reference B) footnote C) reference point D) tag30. A(n) ____ is text and graphics that print at the bottom of every page. A)anchor B) end note C) footer D) footnote31. To find a word with a similar meaning to the one already in your document, right-click the word and select ____. A)Other Words B) Dictionary C) Synonyms D) Find new32. A(n) _____ page break is one that you force into a document at a specific location. A)automatic B) manual C) forced D) soft33. If rulers are not displayed, click the ____ button on the vertical scroll bar to display them. A)Normal B) Measure C) View Ruler D) View34. To create a hanging indent using shortcut keys, press ____. A)CTRL+T B) CTRL+R C) CTRL+M D) CTRL+235. If you do not want to keep a change made by the AutoCorrect feature, you can click the ____ button on the Quick Access Toolbar.A)Disable B) No C) Undo D) AutoCorrect Off36. The ____ page alphabetically lists sources that are directly referenced in the paper. A)works cited B) citations C) note reference marks D) endnotes37. A ____ is a named group of formatting characteristics. A)style B) pattern C) header D) format38. Use a ____ to signal that an explanatory note exists. A)footnote B) header C) subscript D) superscript39. The ____ feature in Word automatically corrects certain spelling, typing, capitalization, or gramma r errors.A)AutoMark B) AutoSpell C) AutoCorrect D) AutoFix40. The MLA documentation style uses ____ instead of noting each source at the bottom of the page or at the end of the paper. A)parenthetical references B) works cited C) endnotes D) footnotes41. A(n) ____ is text that you want printed at the bottom of the page. A)footer B) header C) footnote D) endnote42. The amount of vertical space between lines of text in a document is called ____. A)double-space B) vertical spacing C) line spacing D) single space43.To capitalize all selected characters, press ____. A)CTRL+SHIFT+A B) SHIFT+A C) CTRL+ALT+A D) CTRL+A44. The shortcut keys for formatting a paragraph with single spacing is ____. A)CTRL+ALT+S B) CTRL+1 C) ALT+S D) CTRL+S45. If you are using the APA style, you should double-space all pages of the paper with ____ top, bottom, left and right margins. A)2 inch B) 1. 5 inch C) . 5 inch D) 1 inch46. The _____ is a temporary Windows storage area. A)Copyboard B) Clipboard C) Editing fo lder D) Copy and Paste pane47.If you click the ____ button, a menu appears that allows you to change the format of the item that was moved. A)Paste Options B) Format Paste C) CTRL key D) Clipboard48. To use ____, you double-click a blank area of the document window, and Word automatically formats the item you enter according to the location where you double-clicked. A)AutoFormat B) Click and Type C) Cut and Paste D) Show/Hide49. To add a word to the custom dictionary, right-click the flagged word, and then click ____ on the shortcut menu. A)Add Custom B) Insert C) Edit Dictionary D) Add to Dictionary50.The MLA style specifies that a(n) ____ be used for a note reference mark to signal that an explanatory note exists at the end of the document as an endnote. A)footnote B) footer C) superscript D) subscript51. At the top you see Version ___. A)A B) B C) C D) DAnswer Key   1. A2. C3. C4. C5. C6. B7. D8. B9. C10. A11. A12. D13. B14. A15. D16. D17. C18. A19. B20. C21. C22. D23. C24. C25 . C26. A27. D28. C29. A30. C31. C32. B33. C34. A35. C36. A37. A38. D39. C40. A41. A42. C43. A44. B45. D46. B47. A48. B49. D50. C

The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg

Energy is the critical element of our daily performance. Energy is the matter of our survival on earth. Those who possess energy possess the world, and balancing our energy needs with the availability of renewable energy sources is essential to provide us with sufficient opportunities to survive tough environmental conditions. To a large extent, we ourselves are guilty of not being reasonable in energy consumption. Moreover, we are responsible for resolving the majority of the current energy issues. Since humans are expected to be reasonable, our attitudes toward energy should be reasonable too. How often we are willing to look deeper into the causes of the major energy crises will also predetermine our chances to balance technological advancement, industrialization, the growing energy needs with the limitedness of energy resources. The Party’s Over by Richard Heinberg Introduction Energy is the critical element of our daily performance. Energy is the matter of our survival on earth. Those who possess energy possess the world, and balancing our energy needs with the availability of renewable energy sources is essential to provide us with sufficient opportunities to survive tough environmental conditions. To a large extent, we ourselves are guilty of not being reasonable in energy consumption. Moreover, we are responsible for resolving the majority of the current energy issues. Since humans are expected to be reasonable, our attitudes toward energy should be reasonable too. How often we are willing to look deeper into the causes of the major energy crises will also predetermine our chances to balance technological advancement, industrialization, the growing energy needs with the limitedness of energy resources. As humans, we constantly seek to capture the most promising sources of energy. In this context, oil has been widely recognized as the most attractive and universal source of energy. However, this impression is at least deceptive, and our energy issues grow out of our unreasonable attitudes towards the most widely used sources of energy. Heinberg (2005) is correct: â€Å"it is because living things are open systems, with energy and matter continually flowing through them, that they can afford to create and sustain order. Take away their sources of usable energy or matter, and they soon die and begin to disintegrate† (p. 11). That is one of the reasons Heinberg (2005) provides – the reasons that should push us toward reconsidering the traditional patterns of energy consumption in society. In other words, where energy serves the basis of stability and social order in society, energy should also be reasonably consumed, and the need to preserve this social order is the basic reason why we should review the traditional ways of using and consuming energy from different sources. Unfortunately, we tend to forget that energy is not inexhaustible; even the basic laws of thermodynamics suggest that the transformation of energy from one form into another is accompanied by losing of the certain amount of this energy in the form of heat. These amounts of energy are readily used but are not easy to reproduce, and if we don’t address the current energy scarcity, we will soon follow the rabbits that in their desire to inhabit Australia (another Heinberg’s example) have sentenced themselves to death. It should be noted, that the example of rabbits is very demonstrative: in simple words Heinberg (2005) tries to explain WHY and HOW we should pay more attention to HOW MUCH energy we consume and how much energy we are able to reproduce. In simple words, Heinberg (2005) explains the consequences which insufficient energy is likely to cause, and apart from disrupting social order and social stability the lack of energy resources leads humans to inevitable death. Since the proliferating rabbits may eat available vegetation at a faster rate than it can naturally be regenerated, the rabbits may actually reduce their environment’s rabbit-carrying capacity; [†¦] the rabbit population will rapidly crash – that is, the rabbits will die off† (Heinberg 2005, p. 19). Even the threat of death cannot serve an argument convincing enough to change our attitudes toward energy. Heinberg (2005) shows that changing our approaches to energy consumption is the matter of life vs. e ath, but we tend to believe that the most serious energy troubles will leave us intact. Moreover, we are not always prepared to look further into the future and to evaluate the long-term impacts of the current energy crisis. As humans, we always seek to establish our rules of the game and to gain and preserve control over the most important natural resources. However, as â€Å"energy supplies are not always limited; there is no free ride; and in the long run, it is in every species’ interest to use energy frugally† (Heinberg 2005, p. 0), our unreasonable energy consumption will lead us to losing control over the resources, and as a result, our lives. As soon as energy comes to an end, we will no longer be able to prove our dominance in the natural hierarchy of species and will be doomed to surrender to the dominant forces of nature. This is one more reason which Heinberg (2005) tries to explain in his book, and if the need to save energy does not seem persuasive, applying for power, omnipotence and natural human dominance is expected to change human beliefs about energy. Does that mean that we are at the edge of the new energy crisis? Does that mean we cannot do anything to improve the situation? Moreover, does that mean that the energy party is over? It depends on how we tend to interpret the meaning of Heinberg’s (2005) â€Å"Party†. If â€Å"party† implies the age of unreasonable energy consumption, then humanity does not have other choice but to recognize that it has finally come to an end. If â€Å"party† is associated with energy in general and energy use in particular, we have not yet lost our chance to expand our survival opportunities. Personally, we can contribute into the development of more reasonable behaviors by being more attentive toward the amounts of energy we use and lose daily. The use of renewable sources of energy may also provide humanity with a chance to preserve its natural dominant position. For example, developing the means to capture usable energy from sunlight can satisfy prodigious energy appetites of industrial societies (Heinberg 2005, p. 156). The age of cheap oil and related sources of energy has gone forever, and even if the oil price falls, we will not be able to replenish what we have lost during the last century. Changing the structure of energy sources, however, will be meaningless without changing human mentality. As a result, whether we succeed to improve our wellbeing and our chances to survive, will depend on how well we work to restructure our personal attitudes toward energy, as far as all social changes begin at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Conclusion. Energy means life, and if we want to survive the current energy crisis, we must also realize that the age of cheap oil has come to an end. Developing reasonable attitudes toward energy consumption is necessary to satisfy the growing needs of industrial societies. Renewable sources of energy could help us maintain social stability, but promoting energy changes is impossible without changing human mentality. As a result, whether we are able to develop effective energy strategies will depend on how we change our individual attitudes toward the principles of consuming and saving energy.

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay Introduction. The Bhutanese economy is considerably underdeveloped. The mountainous terrain and the rugged topography makes development activities complex. With an estimated population of 684,000 (2010), the country lacks work force and professionals in different departments. The country experienced an average GDP growth rate at 9% in the 10th FYP. The livelihood of the majority of the population of Bhutan still depends on agriculture and its allied group. The government has and will continue to play a lead role as Bhutanese economy undergoes major structural reform. Public sectors form the part of the companies and corporations that are owned by the government. The private sector includes all profit businesses that are not owned or operated by the government. The private sector in Bhutan is hampered by the size of the market, lack of infrastructure and financial instability which is why the public sector plays a dominant role for major economic operations. The operation of the Bhut anese economy is divided into three sectors namely primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Initially public sector was held responsible for the operation of all the three sectors but with the advent of modern Bhutanese economy, private sector plays a significant role in enhancing production and profitability. This paper briefs on the background of the public and private sectors in Bhutan, their contribution towards GDP, employment and social welfare. With the process of modernization, privatization is given more attention and government aims to strengthen the privatization strategy to generate more revenue, employment opportunities and expand the country’s economic operations. Background of Public and private sector. Public Sector. Public sector in Bhutan is the part of the economy controlled by the nation and is concerned with providing basic government services. Akin to majority of the developing countries, public sector in Bhutan includes education, health ca re, police, military, public roads, communication, etc. The public sector can be defined as: â€Å"The public sector is that portion of society controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments†. (Investors word.com 2011) The Bhutanese economy is based on the unique development philosophy of Gross National Happiness initiated by the Forth King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The Royal Government has played a leading role in the modern sector of Bhutan’s economy. The government has direct involvement in every developmental activity due to the shortage of local entrepreneurs and capital from the private entities in the country. The public sector overlaps with the private sector in producing or providing certain goods and services. In Bhutan almost every large organizations are under the ministries of the Royal Government. For instance: Ministry of Health, Education, Trade and Industry, Communications etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are all public owned. Since the first Five Year Plan in 1961, the government has addressed the need for basic education other than monastic education. Education programmes were given boost in 1990 when the Asian Development Bank granted a US$7.13 million loan. Bhutan’s modern health care development accelerated with the establishment of the Department of Public Health in the 1960’s and the opening of new hospitals and dispensaries throughout the country. Even today, Ministry of health is fully under public sector. Likewise, Agriculture sector, communications, major industries like Penden cement authority, Chhukha Hydro power corporations, Bhutan tourism Industry, Druk Air etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which forms the highest revenue in the country till date the public are under the public sector.

The Power of Green Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Power of Green Party - Essay Example On a greater level, many political parties have been linked with chaos in the country, breakdown in systems that are of benefit to the ordinary citizens, as well as inadequate provision of social services to the citizens. Tracing its roots in 1990s, the party has indeed developed, despite the wrangles and conflicts of interests that might have entangled the process of development of the party. This party is keen on the traditions of the ‘Green politics’ and strongly adheres to social progressivism. In an attempt to understand the place of the Green party in UK, it is vital to note that the party is the largest party in UK, comprising of a number of divisions all over the country. Through the party, Caroline Lucas has emerged as a Member of Parliament, representing Bright Pavilion. Caroline is also the leader of the refined party, who leads the 147 groups of councils, both in England and Wales. Conversely, an understanding of the party’s prominence cannot be unders tood without putting into consideration the fact that, the party has managed to establish good relations with other parties and states, inclusive of Scotland and Ireland. It is almost obvious that it is only through good relations with other parties that a party thrives. ... By 1999, the party had gained momentum in an attempt to ‘sell’ its policies to the common citizens. In this case, the party saw election of two MPs, at that particular year. In the year 2000, the party managed to grab a seat in the House of Commons after the general election. This is an indication of how the party, not only gained popularity, but also was beginning to acquire a huge follow up and prominence in the country. In the contemporary setting the Green party enjoys great prominence in the country (Beetham & Weir, 1999, pp.53). This essay shall aim at evaluating the power of the Green party in Britain by highlighting its policies, and the willingness by its members to push for reforms in the country. 2.0. Body The principles of the Green Party have contributed greatly in the party’s ability to gain prominence in the Britain’s politics. Carter (2007, pp.99) indicates that the core values of Britain‘s Green Party, has led to the party being label ed as a novel and radical party, that is fit in the contemporary politics of the country. From an analysis of the party’s principles, it is obvious that the party is bound to attract a huge follow up on its side. On one angle, the Green Party considers the natural world being the major reason behind existence of the party, and that the human existence cannot exist independently of the natural existence. This is an interpretation of the fact that, the physical resources of a country must at all times be maintained and sustained, so as to survive in the future. In relation to the principle on maintaining sustainability of the environment, as some analysts would put it, the Green Party has claimed its power in the country

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

European Union Law - Essay Example The condition that needed to be satisfied for direct effect were also discussed which were that the provision must be clear and precise; it must be unconditional; and its operations must not be dependent upon further action by national or EC authorities. However, these requirements have been done away with by virtue of expiry of time and action by state. Direct effect in respect of Van Gend was allowed in respect of vertical relationship. The question of direct effect of Directive having direct effect was problematic as Directives were designed so as to be implemented and brought into effect by member states within a stipulated period of time. Thus it had been thought Directive could not have direct effect as the condition in Van Gend of further implementing measures could not be satisfied. In Case 41/74 Van Duyn Home Office , the court held that a directive could be relied upon an individual, even though it had not been introduced by the national law. Thus where the Member State is at fault, by failing to transpose the Directive in national law or has done so inaccurately, the individual is allowed to claim against the state the rights which would have been provided, had the Directive been (correctly) implemented. This has been carefully thought of, as allowing vertical effect is appropriate because it is the fault of the Member State which has failed to implement the measure and not the fault of any individua.l {Case 152/84 Marshall v. Southampton & Southwest Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching)} . This rule had been criticized for inequality, as an action could only be brought against the state. (Advocate General’s opinion in Case C—91/92 Faccini Dori v. Recreb srl) however the same has not been followed by the Courts and the Courts have confirmed that the Directives can have direct effect in vertical situation between an individual and the state, moreover ECJ has extended the principle of Direct effect by al lowing incidental horizontal direct effect to directives in a triangular situation as in case 194/94 CIA Security International V Signalson , case 441/93 Panagis Pafitis and Unilever Italia V Central Food SpA In light of the question the answer is straightforward and clear that the Directive 2000/78 may not of itself impose obligations on an individual and hence cannot have horizontal direct effect and therefore not be used by Alex, the justification for this provided by the Courts and takes its roots from the Art 189 of the EEC Treaty the binding nature of a directive, which constitutes the basis for the possibility of relying on the directive before a national court, exists only in relation to â€Å"each Member State to which it is addressed†. It follows that a directive may not of itself impose obligations on an individual and that a provision of a directive may not be relied upon as such against such a person’. However, an action against the member state may be bro ught. The action would state that Utopia has not implemented the Directive or has implemented it incorrectly, even after the expiry of the time limit that had been laid down and provided for by the directive and therefore the member state has breach its

Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix Essay

Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix - Essay Example Additional to providing the service in the conventional settings like office, clinic, and emergency care center, FNP can also help the families in the variety of settings like school, home, workplace, hospital etc. All these challenging aspects of the FNP’s job have attracted me towards the profession. It won’t be wrong if I say that I have a natural flair for this profession. I was fortunate to grow up in a multicultural environment. It has made me fluent in the second language, which has proven be a great asset in my professional life. My enthusiasm and excellent communication skills have given me an ability to carry out my responsibilities smoothly even under strong pressures of meeting difficult deadlines. An opportunity to study professional degree course of MSN/FNP at the University Of Phoenix will enhance my communication and decision-making skills multifold and will help me become a complete professional. Being a thorough professional will help me achieve my future goal of helping underprivileged families and individuals who lack health insurance. Hence, by getting a masters degree in Oncology Nursing, I will be able to achieve personal growth and job satisfaction. I have a strong combination of ‘knowledge’ and ‘experience’ of FNP practice. My experience of working in a local county hospital and serving vulnerable and underprivileged patients has given me great satisfaction. I feel that there is a strong need to educate people on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to manage their diseases and to prevent future health problems. This not only will reduce the health problems of individuals but will also help in saving the community and national health budget. I am confident that with my abilities as FNP, I can help patients in curing their diseases as well as preventing their future health problems.

Bilingualism theories and deaf Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bilingualism theories and deaf - Assignment Example The thresh hold theory on the other hand provides a three staged development of bilingual abilities the theory explains that bilinguals achieve positive cognitive advantages after crossing the first and the second threshold (Baker, 2011) (Page# 167 lines#26-30). Developed in 1977 by Toukomaa and Skutnabb-Kangas, the threshold theory analyses the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive development. Language is a social tool used in enhancing interactions. As such, the development of bilingualism in children is always a portrayal of their cognitive development. In analyzing bilingualism, the theory provides three stages of bilingualism development that also portrays the development of cognition in children (Baker, 2011) (page#167 lines # 24-29). Each of the three thresholds is varying levels of language competencies that also portray the cognitive development of a child. Stage 1 is a preliminary stage and children at such stages lack effective bilingual skills thus cannot communicate effectively. At such stages, children have weak cognitive development. Their inability to speak in two languages is therefore a portrayal of their underdeveloped cognitive abilities. According to the theory, the second thresh hold is also preliminary and the children cannot communicate in two languages effectively. The theory explains that people begin realizing the benefits of bilingualism. The theory uses the example of a child with progressive prowess of bilingualism. At the first two stages, the child cannot realize the benefits of bilingualism since they cannot communicate effectively. The fact that this portrays their underdeveloped cognitive prowess further complicates the situation. Such a child cannot for example use language to enhance learning in school. As such, his inability in bilingualism affects his academic development since such a student cannot learn effectively. After crossing the second threshold, the child

Suez Canal Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Suez Canal Crisis - Research Paper Example This canal is not a natural one; it was constructed in 1869 in order to transport goods from Europe and Asia. Earlier the goods transportation between Europe and Africa was extremely difficult since the transportation ships forced to navigate around Africa to reach Europe from Asia. The construction of Suez Canal made the transportation of good between these two regions easier. Suez Canal crisis occurred in 1956 when a war broke out between France, Britain, and Israel against Egypt. The invasion of Egypt by Israel caused problems in the good transportation between Asia and Europe which forced Britain and France to issue a joint ultimatum to the concerning parties; Egypt and Israel. They started to bomb Egypt shortly after the ultimatum given which is believed to be a preplanned attack with the knowledge of Israel. This paper analyses the various dimensions of the Suez Canal crisis developed in 1956 with the help of topic such as the relationships between Israel and Egypt, relationshi ps between Eden and Nasser, the effects of cold war, history of Suez canal etc. Historically, the relationship between Egypt and Israel remains a strained one. Bible has many references for the strained relationships between Israel and Egypt. It is difficult for these two countries to establish strong relationships in future also because of their immense differences in culture and religious beliefs. Jews perceive Arabs as their enemies and their enmity started long time back. Most of the years of the twentieth century, Egypt was ruled by Britain. Egyptians were second class citizens in their home land during the colonial rule of Britain which developed dissatisfaction against the British among the Egyptian public. Violence against the British started to grow in Egypt as a result of their protest against colonial rule. British Prime Minister Antony Eden tried to deal this violence by increasing the number of British troops in Egypt. Nasser responded to Eden’s efforts by formin g a Revolutionary Command Council in Egypt. It was difficult for Britain to bear the huge cost of military operations in Egypt because of the financial problems developed in Britain during this period. The relationship between President Nasser and Prime Minister Antony Eden was not so good during the Suez Canal crisis period. They met each other in 1955 in Cairo in order to rectify the problems between them; however neither of them trusted each other and the strained relationship continued even after the meeting. Eden tried to force Nasser from establishing a strong relationship with the communist Soviet Union. He also urged Nasser to stop anti-British radio broadcasts. However, Eden failed to get a positive response from Nasser on both the issues. â€Å"Even the dinner put on for Nasser at the British Embassy was a failure as Nasser arrived in military uniform to be greeted by Eden in full evening dress†2. Nasser treated Eden’s efforts as a deliberate attempt to humil iate him and whatever the positives derived out of this meeting was destroyed because of this incident. Britain forced to end their colonial rule in Egypt and Egypt became an independent state in 1953 even though British presence continued till 1956. Nasser became the president of Egypt in 1954. The nationalization of Suez Canal was the immediate action taken by Nasser after assuming the president’s post which resulted in the Suez Canal crisis of 1956. History of Suez Canal As mentioned earlier, Suez Canal was

Construction Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Project Management - Essay Example literatures related to this research topic are: Google Search Engine, Emrald Library Database, Proquest Library Database, Glion Library Database, and EBSCO Library Database among others. The keywords and/or keyword phrases used in this search include: Culture and project management, Factors affecting project management, Organization culture and project management, politics and construction, construction projects jointly undertaken, and multinational construction projects. After the search engine displayed result, only relevant materials were selected since not all the materials from the search results were helpful. For example, only materials that integrated culture with project management were selected, and more emphasis was given to those materials relating culture with construction projects. It is important to note that Google search engine was used mainly to search for construction projects being undertaken or those that have been completed, and are being affected by culture or w ere affected by culture (including organization culture). The other search engines (in this case Library databases) were used to search for the connection between construction project management and culture. These were related to the identified construction projects in order to identify the how organization culture normally affect project management. Literature Review Justification of use of non-peer reviewed sources Before proceeding to the literature review it is important to mention that some sources used in this section are not peer reviewed. This due to the fact finding six projects jointly undertaken by two nations in peer reviewed articles is a great challenge. The non-peer reviewed sources used in this section of the paper are mainly web sources. Politics affects everything in all... This paper stresses that other than the typical constrains of managing construction projects such as time, cost and scope, there exist a number of factors that may inhibit successful completion of construction projects however how well a construction Manager may be. The problem may become worse while managing projects that are jointly undertaken by two nations. Some of these factors may include construction projects being undertaken by two nations are: politics between the involved nations, cultural differences, and national culture. A number of projects have been hampered by these factors while others have been completed. Completion of some of these projects has been after overcoming challenges while other projects have even failed to commence due to political interests and differences. This paper makes a conclusion that the success of these projects is a result of including and solving the various internal and external factors that may be associated with the projects in the designing and planning face. Therefore, in order that projects are completed successfully, it is important that the various aspects are integrated while planning for these projects. The author of the paper among the projects that have been hampered by politics are South-Sudan- Kenya oil pipeline project, the Mexico Fence Border project, and Channel Tunnel Project among others. Amongst the ones that have been completed with schedule, budget and scope are: Upgrading of Pacific Highway project and Oresund Bridge project among others.

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society Research Paper

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society - Research Paper Example Following this we will discuss how this issue has been viewed from a historical perspective and discuss the impact of the employment of women in the public sphere on relationships within the family unit. Following his, we will explore the change and challenges associated with this trend at both a personal and a societal level (MacKinnon, 1999). Gender is an underlying characteristic all societies and the social construction of gender roles, behaviors and expectations is an importance aspect of modern American society. In a lucid essay entitled â€Å"Gender Role, Behavior and Attitudes†, Aaron Devor explores the socially constructed nature of gender in modern society and persuasively argues for a reevaluation of traditional gender role expectations in modern society. Unlike sex, gender is artificially imposed and although based upon biological differences between men and women, gender is socially constructed. As a social construct, gender roles, behaviors, attitudes and expectations are created by society and enforced by social norms. The idea that a woman belongs in the home to cook, clean and raise the children is a socially constructed concept that many people believe without questioning. The funny thing about gender is that we are led to believe that it is innate and something that we are born with. As Aaron Davor so eloquently points out, gender is created, acquired and constructed by the greater society at large. Sex has a biological basis and is predetermined at birth. Gender, on the other hand, is a social construction and gender roles and expectations are unique to each and every society. As social actors, individuals play an important role in the construction and creation of gender roles, attitudes and expectations and are not simply passive recipients of societal expectations about how men and

African Reaction to Colonialism Through Resistance and Collaboration Essay Example for Free

African Reaction to Colonialism Through Resistance and Collaboration Essay By the end of World War I, most of Africa had been effectively colonized. European colonialists had managed to quell the efforts by Africans to resist the establishment of colonial rule. The next two decades, the period historians call the inter-war years, were relatively quiet years in colonial Africa. This relative quiet, however, did not indicate that the colonized people of Africa were happy with colonial rule-that there was no opposition to colonialism. During the inter-war years opposition to colonialism was expressed in one of the following forms: Demands for opportunity and inclusion: Many Africans at this time accepted the reality of colonial rule but they did not accept the harsh discrimination and the lack of opportunity that was a central part of the colonial experience. Opposition to these aspects of colonialism was particularly strong among educated Africans. Educated Africans believed that all humans are created equal. Discriminatory colonial policies and practice restricted economic opportunities and participation in the political process. During this period, educated Africans formed organizations to promote their interest for an end to discriminatory policies and for an increase in opportunities. However, these organizations had limited membership, and they did not make radical demands for the end of colonial rule. The South African National Congress and the West African National Congress (Nigeria/Ghana) are examples of elite African organizations. Religious opposition: A number of the early anti-colonial up-risings featured in the last section were led by religious leaders. The Chimurenga (Zimbabwe) and Maji-Maji (Tanganyika) uprisings were led by African priests who were strongly opposed to colonial rule. This tradition of religious opposition to colonialism continued throughout the 20th century. However, unlike the earlier acts of religious resistance, the new opposition was led by African Christians. African Christians took seriously the Christian teachings on equality and fairness-values that were not practiced by colonial regimes. By the 1920s, some African Christian leaders were forming their own churches, sometimes called African Independent Churches. These churches that were formed in Southern, Eastern, Central and West Africa, provided a strong voice for justice. One of many examples is the Kimbaguist Christian Church formed in the Congo by Simon Kimbangu in the 1920s. In spite of Kimbangus imprisonment for many years by the Belgians, the Kimbanguist church grew rapidly. When the Congo became independent in 1960, the church had a membership of over one million. Economic opposition: During this time period economic opposition was often not well organized. However, there were attempts in the 1920s and 1930s by mine workers in southern Africa and port workers in West and East Africa to organize into unions. While important, these activities had little impact on the majority of African peoples. Of greater impact were the less organized but more widespread efforts of African farmers to resist colonial demands on their labor and their land. Module Nine: African Economies provides an example of how small scale African farmers in Mali quietly, but effectively, resisted the attempts by colonial officials to control the production of cotton. Mass protests: During the inter-war era, there were few mass protests against colonial policies. One of the most important and interesting exceptions was the Aba Womens War that took place in southeastern Nigeria in 1929. Ibo market women were upset with a number of colonial policies that threatened their economic and social position. In 1929, the women staged a series of protests. The largest protest included more than 10,000 women who had covered their faces with blue paint and carried fern-covered sticks. The women were able to destroy a number of colonial buildings before soldiers stopped the protest, killing more than fifty women in the process. Not surprisingly in contemporary Nigeria, the Aba Women are considered to be national heroes!

The structure of the play Essay Example for Free

The structure of the play Essay In the Requiem we see Willys funeral, but alas, the friends and customers he claimed to have has not shown up. Linda and Happy are confused as to why this is, but Charley, Biff and Bernard know and have come to terms with the fact that Willy was not well liked and that his business ventures were ill-fated and old-fashioned. Biff finally opens up and says that Willy had the wrong dreams and Willy never knew who he was. Happy is distressed by what Biff says and is almost ready to fight. Happy obviously still believe in Willys ideals and in capitalism and states that he is gonna win it for him (Willy) much to the distress of Biff who knows that it is a vain attempt at getting rich quick. Linda is comforted by Charley, who says that being a salesman is a good profession and that a salesman has got to dream. Charley goes on to say he was a happy man with a batch of cement, this could be interpreted as the author saying that most people are happy to work for a purpose, e.  g. Socialism. Throughout much of the play we see Willy symbolising old capitalism, the belief that if you work hard and are well liked then you gain lots of financial wealth. In the Requiem we see the death of this old capitalism due to the unscrupulous nature of new capitalism which unfortunately, is not dead yet. Ben, Willys brother, symbolises new capitalism, the belief that if you are merciless and cut-throat in business then you will gain financial success. Much of the play is spent showing how new capitalism is getting rid of old capitalism. The structure of the play Throughout the play we have frequent flashbacks to the past, as Willys life falls apart and he dreams about the past to preserve his happiness. As the play progresses, the flashbacks become more frequent and crossover more into the present. The flashbacks are essential to the rest of the play and provide vital points that are key to the story. As the flashbacks become more frequent and frenzied, Willy starts acting out the flashbacks in the present. This makes him appear crazy and even leads Biff and Happy to openly claim Willy is not their father. Miller uses these flashbacks to adequately convey the emotion and structure of Willys breakdown to the audience. Conclusion Death of a salesman could easily be interpreted as an attack on the unscrupulous nature of all capitalism, but this is only a small part of the play. It is an emotive story of the last few days of a failed salesmans life, as he seeks happiness in the past and can not face the reality of his life. It is about a man who has been robbed by time and takes refuge in the past when he was well liked, yet in the present no-one in the business world likes him. Miller has written Death of a salesman in a powerful way and is successful in his purpose of touching the reader and making the read thinking about the world and the life they lead.

A Teachers Self Reflection

A Teachers Self Reflection There are some careers that I will never be good at. For example, I could never be a doctor, or an accountant. And dont you dare try to get me a job as a farmer or a factory worker. However, there has been one career that has always had my attention, and the older I get, the more I realized I was made to be a part of that profession. I first decided I wanted to be a teacher when I was six years old. This might be a little too young to really choose a career, but I realize now that Ive never lost my passion for teaching. After doing the Strengths Quest activity for class, I was a bit confused on the strengths that showed up at the end. When the two classes got together to discuss what they all meant, I got the same feedback for all of my strengths, This is a strength that most good teachers possess. Some people think it is silly that a simple test you can take in 30 minutes could help you decide what you want to do for the rest of your life, but according to the millions of schools th at use the Strengths Quest to help students decide on a major, it is far from foolish to believe that 30 minutes can help you get started on the rest of your life. Futuristic When I first got my results, it was hard to figure out how having Futuristic as a strength would benefit me in my choice to become a teacher. Why would I need to be futuristic when I have already reached my goal of becoming an educator? After a lot of thinking, and reading about this strength a few times, I realized that being futuristic didnt just mean looking into my future with great detail, but helping others take a glimpse into their future, and helping them reach the goals they wish to achieve. Its easy to convince others that anything is possible, when I truly believe that. In the past, there isnt really a time when I could say that having this strength has hurt me, other than the fact that people may tend to think that I am foolish for being so optimistic in my aspirations. Looking into the future and knowing what I want has only helped me become more focused on getting where I want to be. It keeps me from straying from my goals, and helps me make smarter decisions when it comes to other aspects of my life such as my friends and free time. Consistency Consistency could be my most important strength when it comes to being a teacher. It basically says that everything needs to be fair. I dont like when people are favored for any type of reason. It also says that a person with this strength treats everyone equally by having clear rules and applying them consistently. This is obviously a trait that all teachers should possess. Im sure weve all had at least one teacher in our lives that had her favorite student. And not only do you grow to hate that teacher, but you hate that favorite student even more. It is hard to learn values such as playing fair, and treating others equally when the person teaching you to do so, doesnt practice it themselves. Growing up, having this strength actually hurt me in as many ways as it helped me. When I was younger I always had so much jealousy when someone was favored over me, or got more attention. I grew out of this, but I remember that sometimes I would actually lose friends because of those tendencies. I know now that it was silly to be jealous of someone for something so little, and now I know to just look past it, and that you cant be EVERYONES favorite. Now, I use this trait in a positive way. For example, when I see that someone is being favored over someone else, or is getting all the attention, I also make it a point to approach that person and make sure that they get a little attention as well. I think everyone deserves to feel admired, so I do what I can to make them feel important. A teacher should always adopt a fair attitude, when it comes to making any form of evaluations. He should be fair to his profession and assess students on their performance, instead of personal rapports and likings (Greer, 2004). This was in an article written about a study that was held at The University of Memphis. The study was about the qualities students want to see most in a teacher. This was second or third on the list. Great teachers have clear, written-out objectives. Effective teachers have lesson plans that give students a clear idea of what they will be learning, what the assignments are and what the grading policy is. Assignments have learning goals and give students ample opportunity to practice new skills. The teacher is consistent in grading and returns work in a timely manner (McEwan, 1999). This is another source that explains the importance of being fair. Being fair and consistent is always important, but when it comes to educating our youth, it is something that s hould be stressed. Woo Woo stands for Winning Other Over. This is a strength that I knew I had before I even participated in the StrengthsQuest activity. In the theme description, it talks about how people with this strength love meeting new people. They dont believe in strangers, just friends they havent met yet. If there was one strength that I would have to choose over all the others, it would be this one. This is also a very important trait that you can have when you are trying to become a teacher. First of all, you meet new kids every year. This means tons of names, faces and attitudes to remember. Secondly, in the description, it talks about how you have to work the room. When youre in the classroom, all of the attention is going to be on you, and what youre doing/saying. There are ups and downs to having this as a trait. Its great sometimes because I always meet new people and make new friends, but it can sometimes give people the impression that I have shallow friendships and dont have any deep connection with others. However, as youll find out later, I have no problems forming strong connections with people that I care about. Input This strength confused me the most, only because I didnt fully understand what it meant. After reading over it a couple of times, I started to see how it really described me pretty well. It talks about how people with this strength are always collecting things. This doesnt just mean material things. You can collect things you cant see as well, such as words, facts, etc. Im an avid reader, and enjoy reading as many books as possible. Other than reading non-stop, I like to learn random facts. There is something about knowing things a normal person wouldnt that really interests me. Its like when youre searching for something on Google, and you dont see what youre looking for, but you found something pretty cool, which lead to another pointless website and so on. This could come in handy when you are teaching because not only can you educate your students on little facts they may not know, but you can help trigger their curiosity and maybe have them reading book after book, or looking up how much a penguin weighs, just because they wanted to know. There are some downfalls to having this as a trait. For those who like to collect material things, it could lead to clutter and make it even more difficult to throw things out since you have so many. Other than that, I think that this trait is harmless. I think its a unique trait and that more people should enjoy collecting random facts and words. Relator As my last strength, I got Relator. This basically means that I enjoy making strong connections with people, and hold my true friends close to my heart. I always want to know more about the ones that I am close to. I want to know their goals, fears, dream, etc. This can be both beneficial and hurtful for teachers. It is good to get to know your students so that they trust you, and what you are teaching them. You want them to enjoy coming to school every day and you hope they look forward to seeing you. Unfortunately, this can be painful to you as a teacher because you make such great connections with the children, and then at the end of the school year, that may be the last time you ever see them, and you have to start the whole process over the next year. This is a risk that relators have to take. They have to risk getting hurt by those that they care about in order to really get the deep connection they are looking for. Always wanting to form close relationships with people has actually helped and hurt my ambitions. Knowing that I will have to meet new kids every year makes me shy away from becoming a teacher. However, I have always wanted to become the teacher that everyone remembers. I know how powerful teachers can be, and I want to have an impact, even if its just on one person. I want to be remembered in a positive person that helped someone shape their life, or help them decide on the person they wanted to be. Information cant be transmitted without a solid connection, and neither can knowledge. You need to form a connection with each and every student (Unknown, 2008). Creating that special bond with your students, and knowing who they are as a person really helps you to educate them they way you should. It is hard to teach a stranger something they dont really want to know in the first place. Conclusion There are definitely some flaws I will have as a teacher; however, I think that my strengths will help me become the teacher I would like to be. Everyone goes through stages where they just have no idea what they want to be when they grow up, fortunately, thanks to the StrengthsQuest activity, its a little easier for me to see that I was born to teach.

Century Medical Case Essay -- Business Case Study, Analysis

Case Background This case is about the development of new technology at Century Medical – a large medical products company based in Connecticut. For the past few years, the company had made significant progress by integrating technology into its systems and processes. Sam Nolan is the Chief Information Officer at Century Medical. He has been working with Century Medical for the past 4 years. He has taken initiatives and led projects to design and implement various systems for Century Medical. One of them was a benefits-administration system for the HR department of the company. The other was a web-based purchasing system that improved the purchasing of supplies and capital goods. These new systems automated the various office processes. This not only drastically reduced the time required to carry out the related tasks but also left the managers with more time so that they could concentrate on the value added activities. The projections showed that the system was to save Century Medical $2 million annually. This technology upgrade was possible because Sam Nolan was successful in making the people in the company recognise the various benefits (like information and knowledge sharing, integrated business processes, better team co-ordination, etc) associated with the new technology. Problem Identification Sam Nolan had proposed a new web-based job posting system for the organisation. The idea was to ease the hiring of personnel from within the organisation. The system would link Century’s managers, recruiters and the job applicants. This would lead to a lot of savings in terms of recruiting and training cost. Sam Nolan also gathered a project team to develop the idea. Later the project got endorsed by the executive vice-... ... system, Sam Nolan should approach Century Medical’s finance department and propose the same system to them. The finance department will then forward the proposal for the higher management’s approval. 4. Sam Nolan should talk to the CEO of Century Medical, explain the benefits of the new system and persuade him to support the initiative. Our Recommendations Based on the above analysis and the various alternatives, Sam Nolan should take the following steps – ï‚ § Sam Nolan should go ahead with the pilot implementation of the project. ï‚ § He should then present the cost-benefit analysis of the same to Tom Carr. ï‚ § Sam Nolan should use the results of the pilot project to persuade Tom Carr. He can also cite the examples of previous successful project implementations and the benefits derived from them. ï‚ § Thus Nolan should try to get a favorable response from Tom Carr.

18th and 19th century view on nature :: essays research papers

Through the ingenious works of poetry the role of nature has imprinted the 18th and 19th century with a mark of significance. The common terminology ‘nature’ has been reflected by our greatest poets in different meanings and understanding; Alexander Pope believed in reason and moderation, whereas Blake and Wordsworth embraced passion and imagination. The 18th century was known as the Age of Reason, where the focus was on the search for truth and clarity in the world of disorder through reason. Alexander Pope displays his views and beliefs on world through his infamous poem "Essay on Man." Pope depicts the role of nature in the 18th century by setting the poem in a garden. Not only does the garden parallel John Milton's "Paradise Lost," the garden symbolize the limitations of man. Pope wants to convey the importance of how man must accept his own limitations and lead his life to "vindicate the ways of G-d to man." However, we must yield to our pride and take responsibilities of our actions by not blaming G-d. â€Å"Cease then, nor order imperfection name: Our proper bliss depends on what we blame.† Through the poems of Blake and Wordsworth, the meaning of nature expands far beyond the earlier century's definition of nature. "The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom." The passion and imagination portrayal manifest this period unquestionably, as the Romantic Era. Nature is a place of solace where the imagination is free to roam. Wordsworth contrasts the material world to the innocent beauty of nature that is easily forgotten, or overlooked due to our insensitivities by our complete devotion to the trivial world. â€Å"But yet I know, where’er I go, that there hath passed away a glory from the earth.

Panama History and Culture Essays -- Panama Historical Cultural Essays

Panama History and Culture The culture and political structures of Panama as we know it today has evolved from an incredibly diverse and interesting history. Geographically, Panama lies on an isthmus, a strip of land that essentially connects the greater landmasses of North and South America. It is believed that volcanic activity in the late Pliocene era closed the former Central American Seaway that had separated the two continents. The climatic implications of this landform are incredible, allowing for the redistribution of oceanic currents and the formation of the Gulf Stream of the Atlantic of today. The native populations of Panama include the Chibchan, Chocoan, and Cueva communities, and like the fates of many indigenous populations in a period of European colonization, they were dealt a poor hand. In the early 1500s, Rodrigo de Bastidas from Spain became the first European to officially explore the Isthmus. Alonso de Ojeda and Diego de Nicuesa were granted permission to begin colonization shortly after, in 1509. Thus the first European colonies in Panama emerged, and the Spanish-influenced culture of Panama began to unfold. Many of the native populations chose to relocate to the surrounding islands, away from Spanish influence. Panama remained under Spanish control until the 1800s. In 1801, the Panamanian communities began the move toward independence. In November of 1821, General Josà © de Fà ¡brega met with the separatists in the Capitol, and the group called for a national assembly, in which representatives from every region in Panama came to convene on November 10th. At this assembly it was officially declared that Panama was severing its ties to the Spanish, and ... ... Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, Supplement 2. (May, 2001), pp. 191-198. Mà ©ndez, J. Ignacio. â€Å"Azul y Rojo: Panama's Independence in 1840.† The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 60, No. 2. (May, 1980), pp. 269-293. Moreno, Stanley Heckadon. â€Å"Impact of Development on the Panama Canal Environment.† Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, Vol. 35, No. 3, Special Issue: The Future of Panama and the Canal. (Autumn, 1993), pp. 129-149. Russell, Graham. â€Å"Hurricane Mitch and Human Rights†. Development and Practice, Vol. 9, No. 3. (May, 1999), pp.322-325. Weeks, John; Zimbalist, Andrew. â€Å"The Failure of Intervention in Panama: Humiliation in the Backyard.† Third World Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 1. (Jan., 1989), pp. 1-27. www.cnn.com (CNN Website) www.history.com (History Channel)

Historical Perspective of Alcoholism

Introduction Alcohol is the oldest and still probably the most widely used drug today. Some consider alcohol as an opponent but many consider it as an ally. Moderate amounts stimulate the mind and relax the muscles, but larger amounts impair coordination and judgment, finally producing coma and death. It is an addictive drug leading to alcoholism. Alcohol is known since antiquity to have some therapeutic value. Opium and alcohol had long been used as analgesics. Greek medicine had employed wine and vinegar in wound care. Now we know that alcohol is a good antiseptic. Alcohol has other values in modern medicine such as pain relief, delay labor, raising HDL level, etc. Pure ethanol is a colorless, flammable liquid (boiling point 78. 5? C). Ethanol, produced by fermentation as in wine or beer or by synthesis, is a dilute solution and must be concentrated by distillation for making other alcoholic beverages or pure ethanol for injections. This article will review the origins of alcohol and its many uses throughout history. Early Alcoholism Since antiquity, alcohol-containing beverages played a vital part in the daily lives of ancient people. Beer, from fermented barley, is the earliest known alcoholic drink to man. Beer was an integral part of their religious ceremonies and mythology. Early civilizations found the mood-altering properties of beer supernatural, and the newfound state of intoxication was considered divine. Beer, it was thought, must contain a spirit or god, since drinking the liquid so possessed the spirit of the drinker. Remnants of this belief persist to modern times. We still refer to alcohol and alcoholic beverages as â€Å"spirits†. The mouth of a perfectly happy man is filled with beer†, is an ancient Egyptian proverb. Indeed, numerous ancient Egyptian inscriptions and documents show that beer, together with bread, was a daily food. Beer was an important offering to the gods, and was placed in tombs for the afterlife. An inscription in the tomb of Ramses II (c. 1200 B. C. ) reads: â€Å"And thou shall give me to eat until I am satisfied, and thou shalt give to me beer until I am drunk. † The ancient Greeks called beer â€Å"zythos†, which was derived from the Egyptian word â€Å"zythum†. The Romans brewed and drank â€Å"cerevisia†, named after Ceres, the goddess of agriculture. The Romans had a god Dionysus, or Bacchus, the god of wine, who they worshipped in bouts of alcoholic frenzy. The hangover plagued mankind. It was a top medical priority in the days of ancient Egypt. Cabbage juice was the Pharaoh’s remedy. For many hundreds of years we have looked upon this â€Å"old wives† tale with amusement. However, recent scientific studies have shown that cabbage juice can chelate some of alcohol’s byproducts after the liver has detoxified it. Ancient cultures brewed beer for religious ceremonies as well as for their own enjoyment. Drinking beer was the principal means by which worshippers achieved religious ecstasy. Beer occupied a major role in ancient literary repertoire. For example, the Finnish poetic saga, Kalewala, has 400 verses devoted to beer but only 200 were needed for the creation of the earth. According to the Edda, the great Nordic epic, wine was reserved for the gods, beer belonged to mortals, and mead [an alcoholic drink of fermented honey and water] to inhabitants of the realm of the dead. Although beer and brewing was known in many ancient cultures, the oldest proven records of brewing are about 5,500 years old and can be traced to Mesopotamia [ancient Iraq]. A vast repository of cuneiform writings from the area depicts beer and brewing, hence the Mesopotamians are credited with the first beer. The earliest account of barley is found on an ancient Sumerian engraving describing beer making. Beer made people feel â€Å"exhilarated, wonderful and blissful. † The Royal Cemetery of Ur, one of the most spectacular discoveries in ancient Mesopotamia, contains mid-3rd millennium BC tombs of kings and queens of the city of Ur. One of the tombs belonged to Queen Pu-abi who was buried with her servants. Among the hundreds of gold and silver items found to accompany her to the afterlife was a five-liter silver jar, her daily allotment of barley beer. Hammurabi, who decreed the oldest known collection of laws, established a daily beer ration. This ration was dependent on the social standing of the individual. For example, a normal worker received 2 liters, civil servants 3 liters, and administrators and high priests 5 liters per day. In those ancient times beer was not sold, but exchanged for barley. As beer brewing was a household art, it was also women’s work. Hammurabi once ordered a female saloon-keeper drowned for serving low quality beer. The importance of beer to early man is highlighted in Gilgamesh, the great Mesopotamian Epic and written in the 3rd millenium B. C. It is the oldest literary epic in the world. Enkidu, the bestial primitive man, â€Å"drank seven cups of beer and his spirit loosened and his heart soared. In this condition he washed himself and became a human being. Thus, Enkidu, the wild-man, evolved from primitive man to â€Å"cultured man† after tasting beer. History of Alcoholism in Arab â€Å"The oldest alcoholic drinks were fermented beverages of relatively low alcohol content, that is, the beers and wines. When the Arabs introduced the then recent science of distilling into Europe in the Middle Ages, the alchemists believed that alcohol was the long-sought elixir of l ife. Alcohol was therefore held to be a remedy for practically all diseases, as indicated by the term whisky (Gaelic: ‘water of life’)†. The concept of an elixir or life-giving potion originated from the writings of Jabir ibn Hayyan (8th century AD) and al-Rahzi (9th century AD) and known to the West as Geber and Rhazes respectively. They were the most important scientists in the history of chemistry and chemical technology in Islam. Their works exerted a dominating influence on later generations of Muslims and Europeans. The most important of the great chemical discoveries in the Middle Ages were alcohol and mineral acids, and the key to finding them was through the process of distillation, which the Arabs developed and mastered. Distillation was one of the most important processes in Islamic chemical technology and was employed for both medicinal preparations and a variety of other technological and industrial uses, including the preparation of acids and the distillation of perfumes, rosewater and essential oils. Several great Muslim chemists clearly described the distillation of wine using specialized distillation equipment. Al-Rahzi, in his book Kitab al-Asrar (The Book of Secrets) described the process of distillation and the apparatus used. He used distillation to concentrate alcohol, which was then taken as an anesthetic. Al-Kindi (9th century AD), describes distillation and the apparatus in his book, Kitab Kimya’ al-‘itr wa al-Tas-idat (Book of Perfume Chemistry and Distillation). Al-Kindi says: â€Å"In the same way, one can distill wine using a water-bath, and it comes out the same color as rosewater. † In Spain, the Arab surgeon Aub al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, (d. 1013 AD), known to the West as Albucasis, described the distillation of vinegar in an apparatus similar to that used for rosewater, adding that wine could be distilled in the same way. He described using alcohol as a solvent for drugs. The flammable property of alcohol was noted by Jabir (Geber): â€Å"And fire which burns on the mouths of bottles [due to] . . . boiled wine and salt, and similar things with nice characteristics which are thought to be of little use, these are of great significance in these sciences. † The flammable property of alcohol was utilized for various applications in Arabic military and chemical treatises of the 12th and 13th centuries. Many Arabic manuscripts describing the chemical recipe for alcohol eventually found their way into 12th and 13th century European works and attributed to various European authors. Clearly, the Arabs were the first to distill alcohol and used it for medicinal purposes. From the Arab world, knowledge of distillation spread to Europe and European alchemists began experimenting with the distillation of many items, but medicines were still mostly given as infusions or decoctions of single herbs. Arabic writings in Spain began to influence Christian schools of medicine in Italy and France. The 13th century Spanish alchemists, Arnold Villanueva and Raymond Lully, introduced wine spirits, which they called aqua vitae (water of life) as a solvent into European medicine. This later became known as brandy, shortened from the German term for â€Å"burnt wine. † Brandy was used as medicine by itself for various diseases and later became popular as a recreational drink as well. In the 16th century, the Swiss physician Paracelsus popularized the use of distilled alcohol as a solvent to prepare tinctures from herbs and chemicals. History of Alcoholism in USA During the early 1970s, partly in response to student movements of the period — many states lowered the drinking age to 18 — the thought being that if a young man could be sent to war, he should be able to legally purchase and consume alcohol. It was also at this time that the voting age was lowered to 18. In short, what happened at this time is that college students demanded, and received, the same constitutional rights as adults — e. g. to vote, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, rights to privacy (including access to contraception, and abortion), etc. This consensus was challenged by the College Alcohol Study started by a group of researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health, led by social psychologist Henry Wechsler, who began exploring the problem of college drinking in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Their work in part led to the passage of the National Minimum Drinking Age act of 1984. It also led to the construction of â€Å"binge drinking† as a disease and social problem particular to young adults in higher education settings. I was an undergraduate at the University of Vermont while all this was going on — the state was a holdout on keeping the drinking age at 18 but was eventually forced to raise the drinking age to get those federal highway funds. More recently still, the abstinence approach bolstered by the College Alcohol Study has been challenged by research conducted by the Social Norms Institute, who argue that the â€Å"health terrorism† perpetuated by the â€Å"binge drinking† model has not solved the problem of campus drinking, it simply has created an underground culture of drinking. They argue that by focusing on the most egregious cases, prevention efforts have exaggerated the extent to which most college students drink. Their approach is remarkably similar to that proposed by the Yale Center in the 1940s — i. . emphasize wellness, resilience, and informed decision making. Harmful effects of alcohol The long-term harmful effects of alcohol abuse on the body are also great. Fifty percent of chronic liver disease is caused by alcohol abuse. Alcohol is also associated with many other diseases, including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, dementia and other central nervous system d isorders, and the fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol abuse is associated with cancers of the alimentary and respiratory tracts and possibly with breast cancer. High amounts of alcohol or longterm ingestion increase insulin resistance, triglyceride levels, blood pressure and all-cause mortality. Binges may result in arrhythmias. Alcoholics have elevated levels of plasma homocysteine, which has been linked to premature vascular disease. Beneficial effects of alcohol There is no doubt that when used appropriately, alcohol has many medicinal uses, as mentioned earlier. Beer was used as anesthetic since ancient times and was a common component in ancient prescriptions in Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek medicine. Since many recorded ancient prescriptions contain many ingredients, it is often difficult to determine which is the active component. Many powerful drugs must have been administered unintentionally, for the wisdom behind many folk remedies rests on the accumulated weight of empiric experience through the millennia. One of the fascinating finds of medical archaeology is the detection of the antibiotic tetracycline on a thin section of bone from Roman Egypt. It is thought that tetracycline was formed in the brewing process as a result of contamination with an airborne streptomycete, and then ingested with the beer. Beer, therefore, might have been an unintentional vehicle for the delivery of powerful antibiotics in those early times. Since beer was a fundamental food staple, a constant intake of this antibiotic might have influenced the pattern of bacterial infection. It is possible that the well-known great bacterial resistance to tetracycline today maybe due to bacterial exposure to it since antiquity.

Strategy To Achieve New Target Environmental Sciences Essay

The UK politics late announced its compulsive re youthfulable strength schedule which includes preparation 75 of the inherent UK electrical energy add on with re soreable zip fastener beginnings. In line with its invigorated determine on the renewable might separatement, I self-coloredly believe as the main administrator of Edinburgh Renewables ( ER ) that our legion possesss on tenor present-day(prenominal) kindle chthoniantakings bequeath institute to come uponing the addicted mark victoriously. As much(prenominal)(prenominal), this record forget demo the politics s new renewable development curriculum in 2025 and sketch an action design for ER to present 30 % of the new mark content. In add-on the turn over will analyze whether authorities expound after part assist ER towards accomplishing the given mark. Finally, steps to work out the intermittence of the melodic phrase trustworthy resource will be recommended.2. Renewable talent study obje ctestablish on the authorities s new renewable heartiness policy, ER has set up a new mark that aims to bring frontwards 30 % of the authorities s new renewable mark capacity in 2025 ( 75 % of the entire electricity add together ) . This will be attained by means of using new generation of inshore publicise up-to-date elicits under our direction. The wrong informations of the new marks on renewable energy development atomic number 18 outlined as followsi Government memoryament in 2025i agree electrical energy subscribe in 2025 450TWhi electrical energy Supply From Renewable Energy 338TWh ( 75 % of entire demand )i ER Target in 2025i 30 % of Renewable Energy Development Targeti 102TWh ( Energy Production ) / 33GW ( Installed electrical condenser )i shoreward form modern farms ( susceptibility cipher = 35 % )Demand Forecast & A integrality Installed CapacityThe entire electricity demand to pitch up the mark is forecasted to make 450TWh in 2025 by utilizing the same premise employ for the everyday Interest Research tenderness prognosis by 2050. 1 Based on the new authorities policy, 75 % of electricity energy demand at 338TWH would be provided by renewable energy beginnings. ER will bring home the bacon 30 % of the mark through the onshore carriage modern farms development which would hold entire installed capacity of 33GW by 2025. The inside informations be described in Annex-1.Why Offshore Wind Farms?ER chose to intensively focus on inshore nervous strain watercourse farms development, given high(prenominal) prospective potency, high capacity and higher appeal mitigate outlook of offshore air up-to-date engineering. In add-on, higher symbolise air stream f number, lower turbulency either bit good as slight dominance on turn uping the locate finally increases the deployment of offshore air accepted farms in the abundant footings when compared to shoreward air authorized farms options. 1 Despite higher capit al addresss of the offshore air actual farms undertaking, higher capacity factors deal countervail this to some extent. 4 Additionally, the analysis in Renewable Energy Roadmap 2020, shows that damage of offshore pourboire engineering can be significantly reduced compared with former(a) renewable engineerings by developing provision ironss and advanced engineerings. 2 Capacity FactorThe capacity factor varies depending on the mean average air electric up-to-date velocity of geographical location and air ongoing turbine features 4, 5 but sing next engineering development and operational experience accretion, the capacity factor of 35 % which was fictitious in Renewables Advisory Board s 2020 Vision was applied. 1 3. movement innovation by 2025The action schedule for 2025 was divided into two storeys. This action was chosen in order to ease the accomplishment of the new mark in 2025. During the first set ( 2013 to 2020 ) ER plans to take part and dress in deve loping some of the offshore air current farm undertakings under Round 2 Extension, Round 3 Program and Scottish Territorial waters Program of The Crown landed estate. 6 This struggle non still leads to finishing the assorted undertakings on clip as intend, but it is as well as evaluate to excite other shoreward undertakings in the long term through continuously developing the advanced engineerings requisite to flash back fling off undertaking costs. Furthermore, base on undertaking experiences of the first stage, during the second stage ( 2015 to 2020 ) ER will billing up developing new undertakings with large capacity that can enable us to accomplish the concluding end in 2025.i 1st Phase ( 2013 2020 )i Action Plan Accelerate the intend offshore air current farms undertakings and develop advanced engineering to cut graduate the undertaking costi substance Target Capacity 14GWi invest Entire 13 sitesi Total sea bottom Area 3,986km2 6 i second Phase ( 2015 202 5 )i Action Plan Develop the big graduate table offshore air current farms to accomplish the mark in 2025i Total Target Capacity 19GWi Site Feasible sites among the Crown Estate Round 3 Zvirtuosos ( determined by site study )i Total Estimated oceanbed Area 1,691 3,193km2Entire Seabed AreaThe entire ocean floor earth required for both the 1st stage and 2nd stage of the program is estimated at 7,179 km2 which is about a ten share of the size of Scotland. Harmonizing to the Crown Estate, entire seabed acres of the 1st stage of the program is about 3,986km2. 6 On the other manus, entire undertaking outlandish of the 2nd stage of the program varies depending on various air current turbine set off. Given 5D by 10D turbine array 8 with a turbine rotor diameter of 164m 14 , the estimated site hoidenish for the 2nd stage is 3,193km2. However, based on the optimum air current turbine array examined by Christie 9 , the entire country for 2nd stage can be reduced to 1,691km2. The elaborate execution schedule and appraisal of the needed seabed country are described in the Annex-2.4. incumbent Financial Support and Investment of Public Money 2 Due to the higher capacity factor and high prospective potency in UK, offshore wind engineering is expected to be the singular biggest part to renewable energy coevals for energy security and decarbonisation in the hereafter. 1, 3 However, sing that offshore air current engineerings are at the beginning of the commercial message deployment phase, the current capital cost dust about twice expensive than cost of onshore air current engineerings. 4 Therefore, the uninterrupted authorities fiscal dungeon and investing are important for the successful execution of our action program. The necessary keep ups in the main include fiscal support to cut down undertaking cost and to belittle investing menace. Furthermore, the authorities investing in seaward air current farm undertakings and gridironiron bettermen t undertakings is necessary to accomplish the ER mark in 2025.i Financial support to cut down cost of offshore air current engineeringsi Supporting R & A D and Testing Facilities to develop cost effectual engineerings ( i.e. EMEC )i Developing supply concatenation of the equipment and building ( i.e. National Renewables alkali caudex )i Financial support to minimise investing hazardi Supplying a stable and long term fiscal support apparatus to procure fundss for the offshore air current development ( i.e. ROCs, New Electricity commercialise Support Mechanism ) 18 i Direct investing from public fundi Taking an active turn tail of the authorities in direct musical accompaniment sing the ample needed loan ( i.e. Green Investment Bank Fund )i Supplying advanced living mechanisms to fit the long term hazard and wages profile of renewable energy investings ( i.e. Green Energy Bonds/Green Energy ISAs )i Investment on onshore grid bettermenti Ensuring seasonably investing on the onshore transmittance web to present power generated from offshore air current farms5. Grid interconnectedness as Measures for Energy Supply dependablenessAs the intermittent nature of air current resources consequences in undependable energy supply, in general back up coevals installations and energy storage systems are required to utilize air current energy as the base inwardness electricity coevals system. 10 In add-on to the conventional steps ER will procure the dependable electricity supply by developing grid interconnectedness undertakings in North Sea.The supergrid such as grid interconnectedness with European Continent can be one of the solutions to equilibrate a variable and capricious coevals end product from offshore air current. 16 Harmonizing to NorthConnect 11 the planned grid connexion between Scotland and Norway is expected to heighten the electricity supply as the high incursion of air current coevals in the UK and Hydro coevals in Norway complements each other.The proposed supergrid in the North Sea will enable to associate the UK grid to renewable coevals dominant states such as Norway, Denmark and Germany with a entire transmission capacity of 26GW. 2, 12, 15 Therefore, the electricity traffic through the supergrid will assist non merely to better the electricity supply dependableness but besides to accomplish the authorities renewable development mark in 2025.6. DecisionA assortment of researches land that the UK has the abundant seaward resources along with its coastline and in peculiar offshore air current resources with the entire practical potency capacity of 116GW. 1 Despite huge potency, it seems sort that there presently exist some(prenominal) drawbacks of offshore wind engineerings such as high capital cost, proficient restraint and intermittence nature. However, ER is convinced that our strong vision and believable action program on offshore air current farms will lend to accomplishing the authorities s renewa ble energy development mark in 2025. Furthermore, the uninterrupted coaction with authorities, makers and developers will excite offshore wind farm development and contribute to maximising the shelter of the abundant offshore air current resource in the UK. a?

Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Over recent years the nature vs. shelter debate has been extensively discussed and researched. Should human characteristics such as intelligence, personality, behavior and ability be attributed to our genetic science or our environment? whiz problem with this is how to pin a trait down to either an inherited or learned characteristic, or perhaps its both.argon we to blame for our behavior or is inevitable out-of-pocket to our genetics? This apparent movement and opposites seems to be part of the line of reasoning over the subject. Also, these questions play a factor in how to change and adapt behavior. Different techniques would be more(prenominal) than effective dep send awaying on the cause of a contingent behavior or characteristic.When analyzing the causes of behavior problems in pincerren the question of nature vs. have is a legitimate question. One recent deliberate conducted by the University of Virginia and several others including atomic number 53 in Australia studied 1,045 twins and their 2,051 children. Some of the parents were selfsame(a) twins with others being fraternal. This affected the amount of genes that were dual-lane among the siblings. Participants were twins from a volunteer twin register and information was gathered through a series of telephony interviews outgrowth in 1993 and ending in 2003.The read discovered that spousal fighting wasnt to blame for behavioural problems in their children. Rather, it was the genes that influenced how often they argued with spouses. These genes when passed to their children caused more conduct problems. The conclusion of the study was that in family therapy, more focus on the child rather than the parents would be more effective ( high society for look for in kidskin Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nature or our genetics that influence this particular behavior.On the other end of the spectrum another study involved observing children in incompa tible childcare settings. Researchers from the National Institute of tike Health and Human Development studied the children beginning in 1991 from the age of whizz month until they were trail age. These 1,364 participants were selected at birth and were studied through phone and personal interviews at three month intervals. The childrens cognitive and social functioning was measured at certain intervals and followed up to thechildren on sixth grade. It was reason that center based care yielded more intrusion and disobedience than other graphemes of childcare, with the quality of childcare was besides found to be a factor (Society for Research in Child Development, 2007). This conclusion supports the theory that it is nurture or our environment that influences this particular behavior and the type of care children receive is an important factor in a childs development. both(prenominal) of these studies be the question of whether the cause of a particular problem, this one bein g behavioral issues, is genetic or ones environment. Both of these studies looked exclusively at one cause or the other with little being discussed about the other possibilities. The differences in the studies was the length of time given to apiece study with the genetic study being go around term and the childcare study involving observations over a period of time. Another difference is the twin study looked at parents of a specific group, that being twins. The child care study looked at the children of many different types of parents.While both of these studies have their merits, neither study was able to conclusively determine the cause of behavioral problems observed as being attributed solely to genetics or the environment. The question of which one plays a greater role will likely continue to be asked. Hopefully this leads to more research and answers that will kick upstairs our understanding of human behavior.ReferencesSociety for Research in Child Development (2007, show 26). Center-based Care Yields more(prenominal) Behavior Problems In Other Types Of Care, Problems Short-lived. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http//www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2007/03/070326095340.htm.Society for Research in Child Development (2007, February 7). Parents Genes, not Parents Arguing, May Cause Childrens Conduct Problems. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from http//www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2007/02/070207090943.htm.

Establish an E-commerce Business

match to transnational data batch more than than ten jillion flock atomic number 18 purchasing goods and serve online in the united States alone. E-commerce allows mickle to rallying goods and serve at once with no barriers of duration or distance. E-commerce at its simplest form, is a re primary(prenominal)der to amend the panache telephone line is conducted with engineering. I give some E-commerce commerce come ins exploitation at an portentous rate. This technology includes merchandise and online sales. A dividing line exploitation e-commerce inbred offer up a positively charged follow come out for their clients. Beca drill of the increment in the acquire by guests, the blood es directialiness be cap fitted to win mighty working(a) points. Customers online command the exemption to taint items online from the gubbins of their consume home.1. I bump we should hit an E-commerce melodic phrase of your decl ar playscript at bottom the near iv months, that we essential earn trademark fair-mindedness.2. We should hold realize everywhere your nett situate, so we must(prenominal) ensure the criteria of determination a theater that entrust arrive at this name and address.3. Finally, it is essential that we fancy the richness of electronic selective knowledge sub shots of vista up your web station. crisscross equity is providing admission fee to your place that is defect free. Your berth should be lax to consumption and clear to access. By having these things you create customer consignment. This loyalty becomes an special that allow for nock your subscriber line and products in the olfactory property of the customer. The intimately strategic fragmentise of the site is it should be avail adequate and instal to go by dint of and through aims. If your form crashes when pickings night clubs, non precisely be your customers expiration to suck in a painful arrest however they allow not be able to situation their order. near muckle go out back out their line of credit elsewhere and at that place is heap of ambition within E-commerce.In order to fertilise a flourishing e-commerce site you must be able to attend the surges of merchandise on your site. These are quantify where non-buoyant dealing melt down could perchance late your site to a crawl. Websites subscribe to a massive inwardness to look at when extravagantly-pitched volumes of traffic occur. The direct of consider a caller-out has everywhere their site is called earnings shade Control. there are tetrad main elements such(prenominal) as innkeeper c everywhere, mesh conquer, check into of applications and content, and lucre management. You motivation these cardinal elements in order to encounter high control over your web site.An pregnant aspect of e-commerce is the development of EDI. EDI stands for electronic breeding substitu te. EDI was developed to append supplier transactionhips and castrate costs. The goal of EDI is to come about the use of send off courier and fax. With a forward-looking paperless central companies would be affiliated electronically. some(prenominal) legal proceeding are conducted through like unconscious goes to a profession authorityner.EDI has allowed firms to change magnitude productiveness, improve steer relationships, flinch operate costs, and profit cleverness to fight internationally. The origin get of EDI is the ontogeny in productiveness. Gains in productivity give notice be seen in both sexual and impertinent operations. Externally, companies quarter identify increases in productivity pipe bowl in less operations. For ensample around companies traditionally would create banknotes with calculating machine musical arrangements. The government note be dress would be printed out and sent to the customers.The customer would past p ossess part the invoice information into their electronic computer system and therefore process the order. This process do-nothing take days, however with EDI it chiffonier exceed with minutes. Internally, companies bring home the bacon productivity through speedy transmitting of information as advantageously as cut down data launching redundancy. A learn by EDI Group, Ltd., describe the companies development EDI experienced trim down speech rhythm propagation of 40.3% and a go under of phantasm rate of 10.1% to 4.4%. This battlefield shows how EDI washstand cause firms productivity to increase.E-commerce is revolutionizing how line of cable operates. Be it through meliorate customer relations and portion or increase energy leaders to coarse savings. It is being recognize as not estimable astir(p) clerical tasks, unless as an inbuilt part of doing business today. within these essential step as in marker equity, control over your website, and ele ctronic selective information Interchange will back up you consume your customers with satisfaction.

Bacterial Transformation Lab Report Essay

BackroundThe plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid pGLO quits an antibiotic- protection ingredient, ampR, and the GFP element is adjust by the keep stand kill scrap of the genus Ara operon. ampicillin is an antibiotic that kills E. coli, so if E. coli, so if E. coli booths plow aim the ampicillin- tube agent, the electric electric booths screwing croak movie to ampicillin since the ampicillin-resistance gene encodes an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic. Thus, change E. coli cells containing ampicillin-resistance plasmids raft easily be selected merely increment the bacterium in the battlefront of ampicillin-only the change cells survive. The genus Ara train locality regulates GFP facial gesture by the rise to power of arabinose, so the GFP gene substructure be dark on and off by including or omitting arabinose from the burnish medium. worryThe social occasion of goods and serv scratchs of this research research testing groundoratory was to study bacteriuml switching, how it occurs, and to take away deoxyribonucleic acid flame. possiblenessIf the change E. coli is mingled with the ampicillin resistance gene, it bequeath be fit to acquire in the ampicillin surfaces, and the non- modify E.coli forget non.Materials two microcentrifuge subways euchre uL of scrap rimed 0.05 CaCl2E. coli bacteriaA unimaginative waxy cringleA impotent P-20 micropipette10 uL of p antiophthalmic factor resultantA timepiece icing the puckA irrigate privyergocalciferol uL of Luria livestockA bedcover magnetic pole quadruple scales brooder action twenty-four hour period in the first key science testing groundoratory1. run E. coli waiter cells for isolation.2. cook half a dozen stemma plates. mean solar day of lab1. pretend two microcentrifuge pipeworks, which should apiece contain cc uL of bleak CaCl2 resolve. mark iodin provide with your initials and a (+) and the opposite tobacco pipe with your initials and a (-).2. stir 2-4 overlarge colonies exploitation a stereotypic charge card iteration to to apiece ane microcentrifuge tube and totally resuspend. Do not designate all nutrient agar-agar-agar-agar. delegate the tippytoe of the rippleing into the CaCl2 resultant and birle until there is not whatsoever cells on the closed circuit.3. destruction from each one of the tubes and swan them in grump.4. gestate your instructor to social occasion a P-20 micropipette to match pGLO deoxyribonucleic acid to your fault mix.5. tack pGLO DNA to the (+) labelled microcentrifuge tube.6. continue twain microcentrifuge tubes on ice for 15 minutes.7. photograph some(prenominal) tubes bug out of ice and straightaway come in in incubator at 42C for 90 seconds.8. subsequently place twain tubes caro ingestionl in the ice for two minutes.9. append 200uL Luria convalescence neckcloth to twain microcentrifuge tubes.10. permit twain the tubes equali zer at way of life temperature for 10 minutes.11. During the 10 minutes, get the LB agar and LB+ deoxyadenosine monophosphate agar plates ready. mansion your plates with the sack tube alloy to engage (+ or -), the lab concourse names, and the betrothal on the lift of the dishes.12. conduce 100ul of the pGLO transition cell compartmentalization to the circle around of the agar surface of the be LB agar and LB+ amp plates.13. intention a sterilized fictile grummet to go bad the cell faulting every bit on the plate by skate the grommet back and forth across the LB agar plate several(prenominal) times.14. expenditure the identical loop topology and proficiency to give out the same cell temporary removal (+) on the LB+ deoxyadenosine monophosphate agar plates. discard ofthe aseptic loop in a beaker of germicide.15. repeat the function by feast the (-) mutation cell concoction to each of the (-) tagged LB and LB+ ampere plates. Be sure to use a livel y elastic loop for the no(prenominal) renewing mix.16. pickle your convocations class of plates on top of one another(prenominal) and tape recording them together. The plates should be leftfield serious point to cater the cell suspension to be abstracted by the agar.17. go into the plates in an alter come out (agar case on top) in a 37C bacterial brooding oven for ample pensiveness (15-20 hrs.). daytime after(prenominal) lab1. humiliate the firing off in the path and use a long wave U.V. frail to construe the transform cells that leave alone glow cod to the side of the young or grisly fluorescent fixture proteins.selective informationLB+(Positive Control)LB-(Positive Control)LB/ angstrom+(Experimental)LB/AMP-(Experimental)bacterial additionlawnlawn3 coloniesNo issueConclusionsThe bacteria interact with the pAMP solution essential a resistance to ampicillin and were equal to dumbfound on the ampicillin plate. Those that were not hardened with the pAMP were not satisfactory to create on this medium. The plates with no ampicillin served as a stop to fancy how the bacteria would reflexionin radiation diagram conditions. work shift is never in full effective, provided cells that ar competent sufficiency are able to take up the extraneous DNA. Therefore, the ampicillin+ plates showed slight addition that the get wind plate.Questions1. memorialise your observations approximately the affectation and exploitation ( hail of colonies) of bacteria on the Petri plates. If you keep back so overmuch bacterial process that you trickt consider single colonies, this is referred to as lawn.LB+(Positive Control)LB-(Positive Control)LB/AMP+(Experimental)LB/AMP-(Experimental)bacterial branchlawnlawn3 coloniesno ingathering2. code the transubstantiation ability of your change experiments. switch competency refers to the number of cells change per microgram (ug) of DNA. The interlingual rendition efficiency of m y transformation experiments is 0.0125 cells transformed per microgram (ug) of DNA.